Insurance Records; An Important Source in Road Traffic Safety Research

2000 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Åke Nygren
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Research

Visibility of an in-ground signal when texting while walking

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1933-1937
Author(s):  
Eunjee Kim ◽  
Hyorim Kim ◽  
Yujin Kwon ◽  
Gwanseob Shin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Contrast Level ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Signal Detection Task

An increase in pedestrian accidents associated with smartphone use has been one of the main issues in road traffic safety research and administration. Recently, traffic lights and safety signs embedded in the ground have been introduced, but without sufficient scientific consideration. A laboratory experiment evaluated the visibility of an in-ground signal while varying its contrast and position. Twenty-three participants performed a signal detection task when conducting texting while walking on a treadmill. The signals were displayed randomly onto the ground one at a time at three different positions with three different contrasts levels and moved towards a participant. In results, the approaching signals were detected 1.7 m ~ 2.9 m in front of participants, and there were significant differences in the visibility between contrast levels and positions (p<.01). The findings suggest the importance of proper contrast level and placement when installing in- ground signals for improving their visibility by smartphone users.

Exploratory Research of Driving Fault-Tolerance of Road Traffic Devices: A New Traffic Safety Concept

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Li Wei Hu ◽  
Yu Long Pei ◽  
Mei Ru Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Tolerance Theory

This paper analyses the source and development of fault tolerance theory, and discusses the working process of fault tolerance, and illustrates the workflow and dependability of fault tolerance. So there is a widespread belief that this is feasible that fault tolerance theory is used in the traffic safety study. Base on summarizing fault tolerance factors, the paper gives fault tolerance conceptual model primarily which could be used in the road traffic safety research. Above all, the paper presents a new idea which study traffic safety issues from the perspective of fault-tolerant , and this is important core content of the paper, and is the purpose of writing this article too.

An Exploratory Study on Road Traffic Safety Based on Fault-Tolerant Concept

2011 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 945-948
Author(s):  
Li Wei Hu ◽  
Yu Long Pei ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Tolerance Theory

Base on researching the source and development of fault tolerance theory, this paper discusses the working mechanism of fault tolerance, and illustrates the workflow and dependability of fault tolerance. So there is a widespread belief that this is feasible that fault tolerance theory is used in the traffic safety study. Through summarizing the progress of the fault-tolerant study in road traffic field at home and abroad, the paper gets some enlightenment from these literatures, finally gives the prospect of fault-tolerant theory which is used in the road traffic safety research.

scholarly journals An example of a power-off maneuver of a vehicle without a straight line motion control

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kisilowski ◽  
Jarosław Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Motion Control ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Straight Line

In this paper some selected results related to motor vehicle dynamics have been presented basing on the computer simulations of a sports two-seater performing a power-off straight line maneuver with different road conditions and the lack of a straight-line motion control having been included. All simulations have been performed in the MSC Ad-ams/Car environment and the adopted maneuver was performed at the instant speed of 100km∙h-1. The selected phe-nomena have therefore been observed along the road long enough to relate them to different aspects of vehicle dynam-ics and the road traffic safety research. The adopted vehicle’s model moved along the flat and the randomly uneven road with the almost similar and the almost different profiles for the left and the right wheels. Additionally, two values of the coefficient determining the maximum amplitude of road irregularities have been selected, i.e., 0.3 for the lower and 0.9 for the higher irregularities. This meant that the road conditions have been considered as one of the main factors possibly affecting disturbances of the motor vehicle’s motion. Such research seems valuable from the point of view of the road safety and the vehicles’ maintenance. A power-off straight maneuver is not very often performed during the normal road traffic and might seem useless. However, in this case it seemed essential to test the response of a vehicle’s model to such factors as, e.g., the uneven loading, suspension characteristics, etc. This in turn might prove valuable when considering, e.g., the additional con-centration of a driver to overcome the external disturbances acting on a moving vehicle. The presented research is the second part of the paper (Kisilowski, 2019) where the power-off maneuver was considered but with the straightforward motion control. Here, the straight-line control has been switched off to examine an untypical situation where, for example a driver loses consciousness, and the vehicle moves freely along the road.

Safety Enhancement by Automated Driving: What are the Relevant Scenarios?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1686-1690
Author(s):  
Niklas Grabbe ◽  
Michael Höcher ◽  
Alexander Thanos ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Automated driving offers great possibilities in traffic safety advancement. However, evidence of safety cannot be provided by current validation methods. One promising solution to overcome the approval trap (Winner, 2015) could be the scenario-based approach. Unfortunately, this approach still results in a huge number of test cases. One possible way out is to show the current, incorrect path in the argumentation and strategy of vehicle automation, and focus on the systemic mechanisms of road traffic safety. This paper therefore argues the case for defining relevant scenarios and analysing them systemically in order to ultimately reduce the test cases. The relevant scenarios are based on the strengths and weaknesses, in terms of the driving task, for both the human driver and automation. Finally, scenarios as criteria for exclusion are being proposed in order to systemically assess the contribution of the human driver and automation to road safety.

scholarly journals Assessing inequality, irregularity, and severity regarding road traffic safety during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Weizi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has affected every sector of our society, among which human mobility is taking a dramatic change due to quarantine and social distancing. We investigate the impact of the pandemic and subsequent mobility changes on road traffic safety. Using traffic accident data from the city of Los Angeles and New York City, we find that the impact is not merely a blunt reduction in traffic and accidents; rather, (1) the proportion of accidents unexpectedly increases for “Hispanic” and “Male” groups; (2) the “hot spots” of accidents have shifted in both time and space and are likely moved from higher-income areas (e.g., Hollywood and Lower Manhattan) to lower-income areas (e.g., southern LA and southern Brooklyn); (3) the severity level of accidents decreases with the number of accidents regardless of transportation modes. Understanding those variations of traffic accidents not only sheds a light on the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 across demographic and geographic factors, but also helps policymakers and planners design more effective safety policies and interventions during critical conditions such as the pandemic.

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