Spatial and Social Disparities of Employment and Income in Hungary in the 1990s

2001 ◽  
pp. 173-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Meusburger
Keyword(s):  
Social Disparities

The Age of Autonomy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Winter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Southern Turkey ◽  
Leadership Structure ◽  
Landed Gentry ◽  
Tribal Leadership

This chapter follows the rise to power of the Shamsins, the Bayt al-Shillif, and associated ʻAlawi families as Ottoman tax concessionaries. It shows that their position of local autonomy, rather than having evolved out of some domestic or “tribal” leadership structure, resulted from a paradigm shift in Ottoman provincial administration as well as from a very favorable economic context, in particular the development of commercial tobacco farming in the northern highlands around Latakia. If the eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of a veritable Ottoman–ʻAlawi landed gentry, it also saw increasing social disparities lead to large-scale emigration away from the highlands toward the coastal and inland plains as well as toward the Hatay district of what is today southern Turkey.

scholarly journals Ambiguity in European seasonal comparative research: how decisions on modelling shape results on inequality in learning?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Helbling ◽  
Martin J. Tomasik ◽  
Urs Moser
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Conditional Learning ◽  
Summer Setback ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Learning Progress ◽  
Modeling Strategy ◽  
Study Designs

AbstractSummer break study designs are used in educational research to disentangle school from non-school contributions to social performance gaps. The summer breaks provide a natural experimental setting that allows for the measurement of learning progress when school is not in session, which can help to capture the unfolding of social disparities in learning that are the result of non-school influences. Seasonal comparative research has a longer tradition in the U.S. than in Europe, where it is only at its beginning. As such, summer setback studies in Europe lack a common methodological framework, impairing the possibility to draw lines across studies because they differ in their inherent focus on social inequality in learning progress. This paper calls for greater consideration of the parameterization of “unconditional” or “conditional” learning progress in European seasonal comparative research. Different approaches to the modelling of learning progress answer different research questions. Based on real data and constructed examples, this paper outlines in an intuitive fashion the different dynamics in inequality that may be simultaneously present in the survey data and distinctly revealed depending on whether one or the other modeling strategy of learning progress is chosen. An awareness of the parameterization of learning progress is crucial for an accurate interpretation of the findings and their international comparison.

scholarly journals Social Disparities in Adopting Non-pharmaceutical Interventions During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 0169796X2199685
Author(s):  
Svenn-Erik Mamelund ◽  
Jessica Dimka ◽  
Nan Zou Bakkeli
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

In the absence of vaccines to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 governments had to respond by rely on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Socioeconomic inequalities likely influenced the uptake of NPIs. Using Norwegian survey data, we study whether income was associated with increased handwashing, keeping 1 m distance, using facemasks increased use of home office, and less use of public transportation. Except for using facemasks and less public transportation in a non-work context, all analyzed NPIs showed an independent positive association with income. Social disparities in NPI uptake may be important drivers of higher risks of disease outcomes for people of lower socioeconomic status.

Understanding diversity in later life and a new culture of aging: Sociology of aging in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110053
Author(s):  
Daisuke Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Care Problems ◽  
Sociological Studies

This essay introduces sociological studies on aging and related topics in Japan since 2000. It argues the three following points. First, the results of sociological studies on aging, and those from related social science disciplines, have moved away from a uniform understanding of aging to reveal greater diversity in the process. Second, it has become apparent that older people face various social problems, such as social isolation, social disparities, and family care problems. Studies have argued that it is essential to support mutual aid in the community. Finally, the reflexivity of high modernity attempts to push the problem of aging towards autonomy, but a new culture of aging assumes that dependence has the potential to overcome this reflexivity.

Applying a social disparities lens to obesity in pregnancy to inform efforts to intervene

Midwifery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Sutherland ◽  
Stephanie Brown ◽  
Jane Yelland
Keyword(s):  
Social Disparities ◽  
Obesity In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Social disparities in tobacco use in India: The roles of occupation, education and gender

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Prabhakar ◽  
MS Pednekar ◽  
SS Narake
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
And Gender
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