Strategies for Administering Neurotrophic Factors to the Central Nervous System

Chapter 2 describes the neurochemical organization of the brain. It summarizes the diverse types of molecules that neurons in the brain use as neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, and how these molecules are synthesized and metabolized. The chapter also presents the array of receptor proteins through which these molecules regulate target neuron functioning and the reuptake proteins that generally terminate the neurotransmitter signal. Today a large majority of all drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders, as well as most drugs of abuse, still have as their initial targets proteins involved directly in neurotransmitter function.

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Olfactory Ensheathing Glia: Drivers of Axonal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System?

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/s1110724302000372 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M. Teresa Moreno-Flores ◽

Javier Díaz-Nido ◽

Francisco Wandosell ◽

Jesús Avila

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Adhesion Molecules ◽

Neurotrophic Factors ◽

Axonal Regeneration ◽

Cns Regeneration ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Large Heterogeneity ◽

Olfactory Ensheathing Glia ◽

Glial Scarring

Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) accompany olfactory growing axons in their entry to the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Due to this special characteristic, considerable attention has been focused on the possibility of using OEG for CNS regeneration. OEG present a large heterogeneity in culture with respect to their cellular morphology and expressed molecules. The specific characteristics of OEG responsible for their regenerative properties have to be defined. These properties probably result from the combination of several factors: molecular composition of the membrane (expressing adhesion molecules as PSA-NCAM, L1 and/or others) combined with their ability to reduce glial scarring and to accompany new growing axons into the host CNS. Their capacity to produce some neurotrophic factors might also account for their ability to produce CNS regeneration.

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Regenerative Potential of Carbon Monoxide in Adult Neural Circuits of the Central Nervous System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21072273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2273

Author(s):

Eunyoung Jung ◽

Seong-Ho Koh ◽

Myeongjong Yoo ◽

Yoon Kyung Choi

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neurotrophic Factors ◽

Neural Circuits ◽

Cns Injury ◽

Cns Regeneration ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Regeneration of adult neural circuits after an injury is limited in the central nervous system (CNS). Heme oxygenase (HO) is an enzyme that produces HO metabolites, such as carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and iron by heme degradation. CO may act as a biological signal transduction effector in CNS regeneration by stimulating neuronal intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms as well as mitochondrial biogenesis. CO may give directions by which the injured neurovascular system switches into regeneration mode by stimulating endogenous neural stem cells and endothelial cells to produce neurons and vessels capable of replacing injured neurons and vessels in the CNS. The present review discusses the regenerative potential of CO in acute and chronic neuroinflammatory diseases of the CNS, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease and the role of signaling pathways and neurotrophic factors. CO-mediated facilitation of cellular communications may boost regeneration, consequently forming functional adult neural circuits in CNS injury.

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Delivery of Neurotrophic Factors to the Central Nervous System

Clinical Pharmacokinetics ◽

10.2165/00003088-200140120-00003 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 907-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 304

Author(s):

Robert G. Thorne ◽

William H. Frey

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neurotrophic Factors ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and the Central Nervous System

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/147323000803600501 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 867-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

R Chen ◽

FX Liang ◽

J Moriya ◽

J Yamakawa ◽

H Sumino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽

Neurotrophic Factors ◽

Focal Point ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

Fatigue Syndrome ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

An increasing amount of neuroimaging evidence supports the hypothesis that chronic fatigue syndrome patients have structural or functional abnormalities within the brain. Moreover, some neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters and cytokines have also been evaluated in order to elucidate the mechanism of abnormal neuropsychic findings in chronic fatigue syndrome. In this review, we suggest that the focal point of chronic fatigue syndrome research should be transferred to the central nervous system.

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