Plant Growth Regulators and Low Temperature Stress

1985 ◽  
pp. 418-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Carter ◽  
M. L. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Low Temperature Stress

scholarly journals An R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor RmMYB108 Responds to Chilling Stress of Rosa multiflora and Conferred Cold Tolerance of Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Dong ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Wuhua Zhang ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Rosa Multiflora ◽  
R2r3 Myb

A sudden cooling in the early spring or late autumn negatively impacts the plant growth and development. Although a number of studies have characterized the role of the transcription factors (TFs) of plant R2R3-myeloblastosis (R2R3-MYB) in response to biotic and abiotic stress, plant growth, and primary and specific metabolisms, much less is known about their role in Rosa multiflora under chilling stress. In the present study, RmMYB108, which encodes a nuclear-localized R2R3-MYB TF with a self-activation activity, was identified based on the earlier published RNA-seq data of R. multiflora plants exposed to short-term low-temperature stress and also on the results of prediction of the gene function referring Arabidopsis. The RmMYB108 gene was induced by stress due to chilling, salt, and drought and was expressed in higher levels in the roots than in the leaves. The heterologous expression of RmMYB108 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to freezing, water deficit, and high salinity, enabling higher survival and growth rates, earlier flowering and silique formation, and better seed quantity and quality compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. When exposed to a continuous low-temperature stress at 4°C, transgenic Arabidopsis lines–overexpressing RmMYB108 showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, lower relative conductivity, and lower malondialdehyde content than the WT. Moreover, the initial fluorescence (Fo) and maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) changed more dramatically in the WT than in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of cold-related genes involved in the ICE1 (Inducer of CBF expression 1)-CBFs (C-repeat binding factors)-CORs (Cold regulated genes) cascade were higher in the overexpression lines than in the WT. These results suggest that RmMYB108 was positively involved in the tolerance responses when R. multiflora was exposed to challenges against cold, freeze, salt, or drought and improved the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis by reducing plant damage and promoting plant growth.

scholarly journals Regulation of Low Temperature-induced Malformation of Tomato Fruit by Plant Growth Regulators

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi ASAHIRA ◽  
Takashi HOSOKI ◽  
Kiyoshi SHINYA
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Tomato Fruit

scholarly journals Cloning and Functional Analysis of Expansin TaEXPA9 Homologs in Winter Wheat in Frigid Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Zhao ◽  
Baozhong Hu ◽  
Xu Feng ◽  
Fenglan li ◽  
Fumeng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract BackgroundLow temperature is an important factor that influences the ability of winter wheat to safely overwinter. Excessive low temperatures restrict the regrowth of winter wheat, thus decreasing agricultural output. Non-enzymatic expansins, which are related to plant growth, have been reported to respond to drought, salinity, and low temperature stress. We obtained an expansin gene, TaEXPA9, that is induced by low temperature from a transcriptome analysis of ‘Dongnong winter wheat no. 2’—a winter wheat with high cold hardiness—but the expression pattern and function of this gene were unknown. We therefore analyzed the expression patterns of TaEXPA9-A/B/D in D2 in response to different abiotic stresses and exogenous phytohormone treatments in different organs. The entire length of TaEXPA9-A/B/D was obtained, and green fluorescent labeling was used for subcellular localization analysis of TaEXPA9-A/B/D on onion epidermis. The 35S::TaEXPA9-A/B/D expression vector was constructed, and an overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana line was obtained to examine the effects of the homologs of this expansin on plant growth and low temperature stress resistance. ResultsThe results showed that TaEXPA9-A/B/D transcription significantly increased at 4°C low temperature stress, its expression level was higher in the roots, and TaEXPA9-A/B/D was localized to the cell wall. The roots were well-developed in the overexpression A. thaliana, and the growth-related markers and setting rate were better than in the wild-type. Recovery was stronger in the overexpression plants after frost stress. At 4°C low temperature stress, the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance content in the TaEXPA9-A/B/D-overexpressing A. thaliana plants were significantly higher than in the wild-type plants, and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was lower. ConclusionsIn summary, TaEXPA9-A/B/D participates in the low-temperature stress response and may increase the scavenging of reactive oxygen species caused by low temperature stress through the protective enzyme system. Additionally, TaEXPA9-A/B/D can increase the levels of small molecular organic substances to resist osmotic stress caused by low temperature.

Inclusion of plant growth regulators into priming solution improves low-temperature germination and emergence of watermelon seeds

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Iskender Tiryaki ◽  
Mehmet Nuri Nas ◽  
Nusret Ozbay
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Temperature Performance

The effects of incorporating plant growth regulators into the priming solution on low temperature germination and emergence performance of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai. cv. Crimson Sweet] seeds were investigated. Seeds were primed in 2.5% (0.25 M) KNO3 solution for 6 d at 25°C in darkness containing one of the following: 1, 3 or 5 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or 1, 3 or 5 mM spermine. Following priming, seeds were subjected to germination and emergence tests at 15°C. Priming watermelon seeds in the presence or absence of plant growth regulators significantly improved germination percentage and rate at 15°C compared to untreated seeds, which failed to germinate. Seeds primed in KNO3 solution containing 1 or 3 µM of MeJA had significantly higher germination percentages, 96 and 85%, respectively, compared to seeds primed in KNO3 only (69%). Germination rate and synchrony were improved by 1 and 3 µM of MeJA added to the priming solution. Emergence was enhanced by priming seeds in the presence of 1 µM (75%) and 3 µM (63%) MeJA compared to seeds primed in KNO3 solution, (35%) while non-primed seeds were unable to emerge at 15°C. Inclusion of spermine at all three concentrations into the priming solution did not significantly improve germination and emergence characteristics of watermelon seeds compared to seeds that were primed in KNO3 solution only. Therefore, priming watermelon seeds in 1 or 3 µM of MeJA incorporated into the KNO3 solution can be used as an effective method to improve low temperature performance of watermelon seeds. Key words: Watermelon, methyl jasmonate, polyamines, germination, emergence.

AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON COLD HARDINESS IN APPLE TREES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-869
Author(s):  
WARREN K. COLEMAN ◽  
EVANS N. ESTABROOKS
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Vapor Gard

Two-year-old apple trees (cv. Spur Mac/M.106) were treated once during September 1985 and again in 1986 with the plant growth regulators thidiazuron and EL-500® in the presence or absence of the antitranspirant Vapor Gard®. Seasonal changes in the low temperature exotherms of twig samples, percent moisture, relative dormancy intensity, percent injury levels at stress temperatures of −15, −25 and −35 °C and daily maximum/minimum air temperatures were recorded. On a seasonal basis during the 1986–1987 season, the hardiness level of the trees increased until mid-February and then decreased regardless of treatment. During the acclimation period of September 1986 to mid-February 1987, a significant multiple regression equation was obtained between percent injury at a stress temperature of −35 °C and the following independent variables: percent shoot moisture, previous mean maximum and mean minimum air temperatures. During the deacclimation period of late February to May 1987, a significant regression equation was obtained between percent injury at a stress temperature of −35 °C and the independent variables, percent shoot moisture and previous mean maximum air temperatures. On a daily basis, fluctuating cold hardiness levels were correlated with prior chemical treatment, prior air temperatures, percent shoot moisture levels and low temperature exotherm. The pronounced fluctuations in percent injury at a stress temperature of −35 °C appeared to be primarily related to the previous mean maximum 3-d air temperatures when the multiple regression equations were examined for the major contributing variables. Thidiazuron in the presence or absence of Vapor Gard® was effective in increasing cold hardiness on a number of occasions and appears to warrant further evaluation.Key words: Malus × domestica, apple, cold hardiness, thidiazuron, EL-500®

scholarly journals Alleviation of cold stress in vegetable crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasool Atayee ◽  
Mohammad Safar Noori
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits crop productivity of plants. Cold stress is a serious threat to the sustainability of crop yields. Low temperature has a huge impact on the survival and geographical distribution of plants. It negatively affects cellular components and metabolism, and temperature extremes impose stresses of variable severity that depend on the intensity and duration of the stress. Low temperature (less than minimum) leads to chlorosis, necrosis, membrane damage, changes in cytoplasm viscosity, and changes in enzyme activities leading to death of plant. Cold stress disrupts the integrity of intracellular organelles, leading to the loss of compartmentalization. It also causes reduction and impairing of photosynthesis, protein assembly and general metabolic processes. Moreover, cold stress during anthesis induces flower dropping, sterility of pollen, pollen tube distortion, ovule abortion and reduced fruit set, which leads to declined growth and lower yield. A number of approaches are being used to mitigate the deleterious effects of cold stress which threatens the successful vegetable crop production, application of plant growth regulators (salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, Gibberellin and brassinosteroids) and unitization of genetics tools and plant breeding is one of the strategies to alleviate the low temperature stress in vegetable crops. Plant growth regulators play a greater role in improving the cold stress tolerance. In this paper, the effects of cold stress on vegetable growth, productivity and physiological activities were discussed, and some effective techniques for the mitigation of cold stress that help sustainable vegetable production under fluctuating climate is presented.

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