Epilogue to the 2nd Brown Tide Conference are Aureococcus and Other Nuisance Algal Blooms Selectively Enriched by the Runoff of Turf Chemicals?

1989 ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McN. Sieburth
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Nuisance Algal Blooms

Seagrass responses to and recovery (?) from seven years of brown tide

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Onuf
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Seagrass Meadow ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Halodule Wrightii ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Grass Meadow ◽  
Reduced Light

Most harmful algal blooms are relatively short, violent paroxysms to aquatic systems. The Texas brown tide was unique in its 7-year domination of upper Laguna Madre wherein it reduced light penetrating 1 m from 31 to 63% on an annual basis between June 1990 and May 1997. In response, seagrasses declined in biomass in deep areas for two years. Over the next three years, bare areas opened up in the deepest areas of the seagrass meadow and the outer seagrass boundary retreated landward. In the last two years of the brown tide, regression of the dominant species, Halodule wrightii, slowed and stopped, and Halophila engelmanni, a previously minor species, revegetated some areas. Subsequent to cessation of meadow retreat, water clarity improved to pre-brown tide levels, consistent with the hypothesis that regeneration of nutrients from retreating sea grass meadow may have been the source of the nutrient subsidy required to sustain the brown tide at high concentration. However, after a short interlude of clear water and Halodule recovery, a resurgence of the bloom occurred and areas of regrowth succumbed. Although human activities did not seem to be involved in initiation or persistence of the brown tide, nutrients brought in by runoff from agricultural lands may have contributed to the return of bloom conditions.

Sources of CO2for Nuisance Blooms of Algae

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude E. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Algal Photosynthesis ◽  
Nuisance Algal Blooms

Bacterial production of CO2from sucrose substrate increased growth of seven species of algae in CO2-limited laboratory cultures. Decomposition of organic matter in pond water also supplied enough CO2to support good algal growth in cultures deprived of other sources of CO2. Estimates of CO2production from decay of dissolved organic matter in six pond waters ranged from 0.32 to 3.53 mg/L per 24 hr. The carbonate-bicarbonate equilibrium system is a major source of CO2for algal photosynthesis. However, in waters of low or extremely high alkalinity, this system will not support high rates of photosynthesis. In such waters CO2from decomposition will stimulate photosynthesis. Decomposable organic compounds must be considered with nitrogen and phosphorus as factors responsible for accelerated eutrophication and nuisance algal blooms.

scholarly journals Extreme Runoff of Chemical Species of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Threatens a Florida Barrier Island Lagoon

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Trefry ◽  
Austin L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Widespread Application

Extreme runoff of stormwater to poorly flushed barrier island lagoons often adds excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that can promote subsequent, sometimes intense, harmful algal blooms (HABs). Successful management of such estuaries requires special appreciation of when and how to control concentrations and fluxes of chemical species of N and P during high flow. Toward that end, monthly surveys and episodic rain-event sampling were carried out from December 2015 to March 2018 for two contrasting tributaries of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a barrier island lagoon in Florida. One tributary, South Prong Saint Sebastian River, flows through predominantly agricultural, forested and open land, whereas the second tributary, Crane Creek, traverses mainly residential-commercial land. Concentrations of some N and P species in these tributaries increased with increased flow and could be described with statistically significant equations for concentration versus flow rate, thereby supporting flow-rate-dependent flux determinations. Drainage basin yields (fluxes per square km) varied with land cover/use. Calculated annual yields of dissolved organic N (DON) and dissolved inorganic P (DIP) averaged ∼70% greater for South Prong Saint Sebastian River from high flow through thicker, more organic- and P-rich soils. In contrast, yields of nitrate + nitrite were 100% higher for Crane Creek from widespread application of N-fertilizer to thin layers of turfgrass overlying sand, plus runoff of N-rich reclaimed water. Two major weather events highlighted our study and foreshadow impacts from climate change. Seven months of drought from November 2016 to May 2017 were followed in September-October 2017 by excess rain, runoff and flooding from Hurricane Irma. Consequently, >50% of freshwater fluxes and ∼60% of N and P fluxes from South Prong Saint Sebastian River, Crane Creek and other IRL tributaries occurred during 2 months in 2017. Lagoon-wide inputs provided enough bioavailable N and P to help support a nanoeukaryotic bloom for >5 months, with chlorophyll a values >50 μg L–1. The bloom was co-dominated by the brown tide alga, Aureoumbra lagunensis, and an unidentified nanoeukaryotic green alga. Decreased salinity, low concentrations of dissolved inorganic N and P, and decreasing dissolved organic P (DOP), combined with biological factors, diminished the IRL bloom by mid-2018.

scholarly journals Mesozooplankton Community Dynamics and Grazing Potential Across Algal Bloom Cycles in a Subtropical Estuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Holly Sweat ◽  
Hunter Alexander ◽  
Edward J. Phlips ◽  
Kevin B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Mesozooplankton Community ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Subtropical Estuary

Mesozooplankton, as abundant grazers of microalgae in coastal systems, have the potential to prevent or mitigate harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their effects. The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is a subtropical estuary in eastern Florida (United States) where repeated blooms, dominated by the toxic dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense, the brown tide species Aureoumbra lagunensis, pico/nano planktonic cyanobacteria and other nano-eukaryotes, have highlighted the need to better understand fluctuations in the grazing potential of mesozooplankton populations across bloom cycles. Mesozooplankton and abiotic environmental data were collected at five sites in the northern IRL system at 6-week intervals from November 2013 through June 2016. A total of 107 taxa from 14 phyla were detected. Communities varied across sites, dates and between bloom and non-bloom periods, with densities up to 338 individuals L–1. Eight taxa comprising 85–94% of the total population at each site were identified as primary potential grazers, including barnacle nauplii, cladocerans, adult copepods, gastropod veligers, larvaceans, and polychaete metatrochophores. Although abundant, the estimated grazing potential of the primary taxa, calculated from their measured densities and previously published grazing rates, suggest that mesozooplankton lack the capacity to suppress phytoplankton once they reach bloom levels. These findings illustrate the utility of monitoring data and underscore the importance of systematically evaluating algal bloom controls with a consideration for the dynamic conditions of each unique ecosystem.

CuSO4 treatment of nuisance algal blooms in drinking water reservoirs

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. McKnight ◽  
Sallie W. Chisholm ◽  
Donald R. F. Harleman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Nuisance Algal Blooms

scholarly journals Infection by a Giant Virus Induces Widespread Physiological Reprogramming inAureococcus Anophagefferens– A Harmful Bloom Algae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Eric R. Gann ◽  
Steven W. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brown Tide ◽  
Giant Virus ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Early Promoter ◽  
Eukaryotic Phytoplankton

AbstractWhile viruses with distinct phylogenetic origins and different nucleic acid types can infect and lyse eukaryotic phytoplankton, “giant” dsDNA viruses have been found to be associated with important ecological processes, including the collapse of algal blooms. However, the molecular aspects of giant virus – host interactions remain largely unknown. AaV, a giant virus in the Mimiviridae clade, is known to play a critical role in regulating the fate of brown tide blooms caused by the pelagophyteAureococcus anophagefferens.To understand the physiological response ofA. anophagefferensCCMP1984 upon AaV infection, we studied the transcriptomic landscape of this host-virus pair over an entire infection cycle using a RNA-sequencing approach. A massive transcriptional reprogramming of the host was evident as early as 5 min post-infection, with modulation of specific processes likely related to both host defense mechanism(s) and viral takeover of the cell. InfectedAureococcusshowed a relative suppression of host-cell transcripts associated with photosynthesis, cytoskeleton formation, fatty acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis. In contrast, host cell processes related to protein synthesis, polyamine biosynthesis, cellular respiration, transcription and RNA processing were overrepresented compared to the healthy cultures at different stages of the infection cycle. A large number of redox active host-selenoproteins were overexpressed, which suggested that viral replication and assembly progresses in a highly oxidative environment. The majority (99.2%) of annotated AaV genes were expressed at some point during the infection cycle and demonstrated a clear temporal-expression pattern and an increasing relative expression for the majority of the genes through the time course. We detected a putative early promoter motif for AaV, which was highly similar to the early promoter elements of two other Mimiviridae members, indicating some degree of evolutionary conservation of gene regulation within this clade. This large-scale transcriptome study provides the insight into theAureococcus ‘virocell’, and establishes a foundation to test hypotheses regarding metabolic and regulatory processes critical for AaV and other Mimiviridae members.

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