Somaclonal Selection for Tolerance to Streptomycin and Herbicides Through Rice Cell Culture

1991 ◽  
pp. 383-404
Author(s):  
T. Kinoshita ◽  
A. K. Mori ◽  
T. Mikami
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Cell culture evolution of a HSV-1/VZV UL34/ORF24 chimeric virus reveals novel functions for HSV genes in capsid nuclear egress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard John Roller ◽  
Tineke Hassman ◽  
Alison Haugo-Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Chimeric Virus ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Egress ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Hsv 1

HSV and VZV are both members of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, but are of different genera.  Substitution of the HSV-1 UL34 coding sequence with that of its VZV homolog, ORF24, results in a virus that has defects in viral growth, spread, capsid egress, and nuclear lamina disruption very similar to those seen in a UL34-null virus despite normal interaction between ORF24 protein and HSV pUL31 and proper localization of the NEC at the nuclear envelope. Minimal selection for growth in cell culture resulted in viruses that grew and spread much more efficiently that the parental chimeric virus.  These viruses varied in their ability to support nuclear lamina disruption, normal NEC localization and capsid de-envelopment.  Single mutations that suppress the growth defect were mapped to the coding sequences of ORF24, ICP22 and ICP4 and one virus carried single mutations in each of the ICP22 and US3 coding sequences.  The phenotypes of these viruses support a role for ICP22 in nuclear lamina disruption and a completely unexpected role for the major transcriptional regulator, ICP4, in capsid nuclear egress.

Low multiplicity of infection in vivo results in purifying selection against baculovirus deletion mutants

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1220-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Zwart ◽  
Eloy Erro ◽  
Monique M. van Oers ◽  
J. Arjan G. M. de Visser ◽  
Just M. Vlak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Homologous Region ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Selection For

The in vivo fate of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus deletion mutants originating from serial passage in cell culture was investigated by passaging a population enriched in these mutants in insect larvae. The infectivity of polyhedra and occlusion-derived virion content per polyhedron were restored within two passages in vivo. The frequency of occurrence of deletion mutants was determined by real-time PCR. The frequency of the non-homologous region origin (non-HR ori) of DNA replication was reduced to wild-type levels within two passages. The frequency of the polyhedrin gene did not increase and remained below wild-type levels. A low m.o.i. during the initial infection in insect larvae, causing strong purifying selection for autonomously replicating viruses, could explain these observations. The same virus population used in vivo was also passaged once at a different m.o.i. in cell culture. A similar effect (i.e. lower non-HR ori frequency) was observed at low m.o.i. only, indicating that m.o.i. was the key selective condition.

scholarly journals Alteration of immunoglobulin phenotype in cell culture-adapted lines of two mouse plasmacytomas.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Hausman ◽  
M J Bosma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Tumor Induction ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Host Origin ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Kinetics Of

Murine plasmacytomas can be adapted to continuous in vitro culture by alternate passage between culture and animal. We have found that the kinetics of adaptation reflect a selection for the growth of variant plasmacytoma cells. The inclusion of an altered immunoglobulin phenotype in such variant cells could explain the Ig-producing variants that we observed in two of six transplantable lines of plasmacytomas that were adapted to culture. The first variant, an IgM-producing cell line (104-76), was adapted from a transplanted line of MOPC 104E that had stopped producing IgM with binding specificity for alpha1-3 Dextran. Unlike MOPC 104E, the IgM of 104-76 contains kappa- instead of lambda-light chains and probably contains an altered or different mu-heavy chain. A second variant (352-57) was found in an IgG2b-producing tumor (MOPC 352) which was induced in a BALB/c mouse strain (CB-6) that carried Ig genes of the C57BL/Ka allotype. This cell line apparently switched from producing IgG2b molecules of the C57BL allotype (H9) and of a known idiotype to IgG1 molecules of the BALB/c allotype (F19) without the idiotype marker. The propagation of a biclonal plasmacytoma from the time of original tumor induction does not appear as a likely explanation for these results. Rather, we seem to be dealing with plasmacytoma variants or with the possible induction of secondary tumors of host origin.

A T.E.M. study of mouse mammary epithelial cell secretory differentiation cultured on collagen and Matrigel

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
W.N. Bentham ◽  
V. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
Protein Maturation ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Secretory Differentiation

It has been an interest of our lab to develop a mammary epethelial cell culture system that faithfully duplicates the in vivo condition of the lactating gland. Since the introduction of collagen as a matrix on which cells are cultivated other E.C.M. type matrices have been made available and are used in many cell culture techniques. We have previously demonstrated that cells cultured on collagen and Matrigel do not differentiate as they do in vivo. It seems that these cultures often produce cells that show a disruption in the secretory process. The appearance of large ribosomal studded vesicles, that specifically label with antibody to casein, suggest an interruption of both protein maturation and secretion at the E.R. to golgi transition. In this report we have examined cultures on collagen and Matrigel at relative high and low seeding densities and compared them to cells from the in vivo condition.

Solid-phase immunoelectron microscopy for rapid diagnosis of enteroviruses

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 226-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pegg-Feige ◽  
F. W. Doane
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Virus Diagnosis ◽  
Antiviral Antibody

Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) applied to rapid virus diagnosis offers a more sensitive detection method than direct electron microscopy (DEM), and can also be used to serotype viruses. One of several IEM techniques is that introduced by Derrick in 1972, in which antiviral antibody is attached to the support film of an EM specimen grid. Originally developed for plant viruses, it has recently been applied to several animal viruses, especially rotaviruses. We have investigated the use of this solid phase IEM technique (SPIEM) in detecting and identifying enteroviruses (in the form of crude cell culture isolates), and have compared it with a modified “SPIEM-SPA” method in which grids are coated with protein A from Staphylococcus aureus prior to exposure to antiserum.

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