Individuals and laboratory populations

1986 ◽  
pp. 265-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. L. M. Kooijman ◽  
M. W. Sabelis ◽  
J. van der Meer ◽  
W. E. M. Laane
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Populations

scholarly journals POPULATION GENETICS OF DROSOPHILA AMYLASE. IV. SELECTION IN LABORATORY POPULATIONS MAINTAINED ON DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATES

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-689
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R Powell ◽  
Marko Andjelković
Keyword(s):  
Structural Gene ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Regulation Changes ◽  
Starch Medium

ABSTRACT Two polymorphic systems impinging on α-amylase in Drosophila pseudoobscura have been studied in laboratory populations maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was starch (the substrate of amylase) and replicas maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was maltose (the product of amylase). The two polymorphic systems were alleles at the structural gene (Amy) coding for the enzyme (allozymes) and variation in the tissue-specific expression along the adult midgut controlled by several genes. In the seven populations on maltose medium little consistent change was noted in either system. In the seven populations on starch medium, both polymorphisms exhibited selective changes. A midgut pattern of very limited expression of amylase rose in frequency in all starch populations, as did the frequency of the "fast" (1.00) Amy allele. The overall specific amylase activity did not differ between starch-adapted and maltose-adapted flies.—The results, along with previous studies, indicate that when a gene-enzyme system is specifically stressed in laboratory populations, allozymes often exhibit selective differences. Such results make the selectionist hypothesis at least tenable. Furthermore, the fact that both types of polymorphisms responded to selection indicates the role of structural gene vs. gene regulation changes in adaptive evolution is not an either/or question but one of relative roles and interactions.

scholarly journals Mutation and the evolution of ageing: from biometrics to system genetics

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1544) ◽  
pp. 1273-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Genetic Networks ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Modern Population ◽  
Quantitative Explanation

A notable success for evolutionary genetics during the past century was to generate a coherent, quantitative explanation for an apparent evolutionary paradox: the tendency for multicellular organisms to show declining fitness with age (senescence, often referred to simply as ‘ageing’). This general theory is now widely accepted and explains most of the features of senescence that are observed in natural and laboratory populations, but specific instantiations of that theory have been more controversial. To date, most of the empirical tests of these models have relied on data generated from biometric experiments. Modern population genetics and genomics provide new, and probably more powerful, ways to test ideas that are still controversial more than half a century after the original theory was developed. System-genetic experiments have the potential to address both evolutionary and mechanistic questions about ageing by identifying causal loci and the genetic networks with which they interact. Both the biometrical approaches and the newer approaches are reviewed here, with an emphasis on the challenges and limitations that each method faces.

THE POTENTIAL OF BACTERIA FOR THE MICROBIAL CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zelazny ◽  
M.S. Goettel ◽  
B. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Many

AbstractBacteria have been implicated in disease epizootics observed in field populations and laboratory-reared locusts and grasshoppers. Two species [Serratia marcescens Bizio and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula] consistently infect locusts when ingested with food and can spread in laboratory populations. However, research on developing these organisms for microbial control of locusts and grasshoppers begun in the 1950s has not been continued. In recent years strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner have been studied for activity against locusts and grasshoppers. Results of additional trials by the authors are reported. Among 393 B. thuringiensis isolates and 93 preparations of other sporeforming bacteria fed to nymphs of Locusta migratoria (L.) and/or Schistocerca gregaria Forsk., none has shown any pathogenicity to the insects. The recent discovery of novel B. thuringiensis strains active against various diverse pests and the many properties of a sporeforming bacterium that satisfy the requirements for a microbial control agent, and the development of Serratia entomophila as a promising agent for control of grass grubs, provide incentive to continue the search for an orthopteran-active sporeforming bacterium and to re-investigate the potential of non-sporeforming bacterial pathogens as microbial control agents of grasshoppers and locusts.

scholarly journals Different laboratory populations similar bacterial profile? The case of Glossina palpalis gambiensis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vangelis Doudoumis ◽  
Antonios Augustinos ◽  
Aggeliki Saridaki ◽  
Andrew Parker ◽  
Adly M M Abd-Alla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Gynandromorphs and intersexes: potential to understand the mechanism of sex determination in arthropods

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pereira ◽  
Satoko Narita ◽  
Daisuke Kageyama ◽  
Finn Kjellberg
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Phenotype ◽  
Laboratory Populations

AbstractArthropods are sexually dimorphic. An arthropod individual usually differentiates into a male or a female. With very low frequencies, however, individuals with both male and female morphological characters have repeatedly been found in natural and laboratory populations of arthropods. Gynandromorphs (i.e., sexual mosaics) are genetically chimeric individuals consisting of male and female tissues. On the other hand, intersexes are genetically uniform (i.e., complete male, complete female or intermediate in every tissue) but all or some parts of their tissues have either a sexual phenotype opposite to their genetic sex or an intermediate sexual phenotype. Possible developmental processes (e.g., double fertilization of a binucleate egg, loss of a sex chromosome or upregulation/downregulation of sex-determining genes) and causal factors (e.g., mutations, genetic incompatibilities, temperatures or endosymbionts) for the generation of gynandromorphs and intersexes are reviewed and discussed.

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