Selection for divergent emigration rates in laboratory populations ofMusca domestica

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd Collier
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals E. colipopulations in unpredictably fluctuating environments evolve to face novel stresses through enhanced efflux activity

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha Madhav Karve ◽  
Sachit Daniel ◽  
Yashraj Chavhan ◽  
Abhishek Anand ◽  
Somendra Singh Kharola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fluctuating Environments ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Alternate Mechanism ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Energy Dependent

There is considerable understanding about how laboratory populations respond to predictable (constant or deteriorating-environment) selection for single environmental variables like temperature or pH. However, such insights may not apply when selection environments comprise multiple variables that fluctuate unpredictably, as is common in nature. To address this issue, we grew replicate laboratory populations ofE. coliin nutrient broth whose pH and concentrations of salt (NaCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were randomly changed daily. After ~170 generations, the fitness of the selected populations had not increased in any of the three selection environments. However, these selected populations had significantly greater fitness in four novel environments which have no known fitness-correlation with tolerance to pH, NaCl or H2O2. Interestingly, contrary to expectations, hypermutators did not evolve. Instead, the selected populations evolved an increased ability for energy dependent efflux activity that might enable them to throw out toxins, including antibiotics, from the cell at a faster rate. This provides an alternate mechanism for how evolvability can evolve in bacteria and potentially lead to broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance, even in the absence of prior antibiotic exposure. Given that environmental variability is increasing in nature, this might have serious consequences for public-health.

scholarly journals Genetic differences between populations of Drosophila melanogaster for a quantitative trait: I. Laboratory populations

1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. López-Fanjul ◽  
W. G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Total Response ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Two Populations

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out to test whether two laboratory cage populations of Drosophila melanogaster from different origins (Kaduna and Pacific) differed in the genes for sternopleural bristle number. The means, variances and heritabilities of the two populations and the synthetic formed from crosses between them were very similar.Selection for low bristle number was practised in small replicate lines, six of each pure population and nine of the synthetic. On average, Pacific responded to selection rather more rapidly than either Kaduna or the synthetic, but there was little difference in the limit achieved.Crosses between replicates within populations were made and selection continued, and these lines subsequently crossed between populations and reselected. Additional response was obtained by this procedure but the crosses between the replicates of the pure and synthetic populations attained similar selection limits.An analysis of effects of individual chromosomes from the selected lines on bristle number indicated that the contribution of each chromosome to total response was about the same in Pacific, Kaduna and the synthetic.It is concluded that differences in gene frequency, rather than the presence or absence of particular alleles, are mainly responsible for the differences observed between the populations.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONAL versus STABILIZING SELECTION FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TIME IN NATURAL AND LABORATORY POPULATIONS OF FLOUR BEETLES

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-783
Author(s):  
Peter S Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Synchronized Cultures

ABSTRACT Artificial selection for fast development is successful in long-established laboratory populations of Tribolium, but not in strains recently derived from natural populations. It is shown that selection against fast development in dense, synchronized cultures operates through cannibalism of early pupae by larvae. Since standard husbandry procedures for laboratory strains involve the periodic creation of dense, synchronized cultures, it is suggested that these populations are subjected to stabilizing selection for intermediate developmental time. Natural populations, on the other hand, are probably subjected to directional selection for rapid development.

scholarly journals Evolution of lower levels of inter-locus sexual conflict in D. melanogaster populations under strong selection for rapid development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Mital ◽  
Manaswini Sarangi ◽  
Snigdhadip Dey ◽  
Amitabh Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Female Resistance ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Selection For

AbstractD. melanogaster laboratory populations subjected to selection for rapid development and early reproduction have been found to have evolved reduced adult body size and lower levels of inter-locus sexual conflict compared to their ancestral controls. We tested the contribution of a smaller body to the evolution of reduced sexual conflict in these populations, since body size differences are known to affect sexual conflict levels in this species. We cultured larvae from the control populations at high density to obtain flies as small as those from the selected populations. The effect of body size reduction on sexual conflict was asymmetric, with smaller body size resulting in reduced male manipulative ability but not female resistance to mating-induced harm. These results were not due to differences in behavioural patterns of smaller flies, such as differences in overall mating exposure of females to different types of males. We hypothesize that evolution for rapid development and the correlated reduction in body size has resulted in lower male manipulative ability, and sexually antagonistic co-evolution has lowered female resistance to such manipulations. These populations have also evolved incipient reproductive isolation from their controls, likely through sexual conflict (reported earlier), and our results support the view that this is an outcome of strong, directional selection for rapid development.

scholarly journals Drosophila melanogaster Selection for Survival after Infection with Bacillus cereus Spores: Evolutionary Genetic and Phenotypic Investigations of Respiration and Movement

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Ma ◽  
Andrew K. Benson ◽  
Stephen D. Kachman ◽  
Deidra J. Jacobsen ◽  
Lawrence G. Harshman
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Male Activity

Laboratory populations of D. melanogaster have been subjected to selection for survival after live spores of B. cereus were introduced as a pathogenic agent. The present study was designed to investigate correlated traits: respiration as a metabolic trait and movement as a behavioral trait. An underlying hypothesis was that the evolution of increased survival after B. cereus infection exerts a metabolic cost associated with elevated immunity and this would be detected by increased respiration rates. There was support for this hypothesis in the male response to selection, but not for selected-line females. Two phenotypic effects were also observed in the study. Females especially showed a marked increase in respiration after mating compared to the other assay stages regardless of whether respiration was measured per fly or adjusted by lean mass or dry weight. Given that mating stimulates egg production, it is feasible that elevated metabolism was needed to provision oocytes with yolk. Females also moved less than males, perhaps due to behaviors related to oviposition whereas elevated male activity might be due to behaviors associated with seeking females and courtship. Relatively low movement of females indicated that their elevated respiration after mating was not due to a change in locomotion.

scholarly journals Evolution of dispersal syndrome and its corresponding metabolomic changes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Tung ◽  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Navdeep Gogna ◽  
Mohammed Aamir Sadiq ◽  
P.M. Shreenidhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Dispersal Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Dispersal Evolution

AbstractDispersal is one of the strategies for organisms to deal with climate change and habitat degradation. Therefore, investigating the effects of dispersal evolution on natural populations is of considerable interest to ecologists and conservation biologists. Although it is known that dispersal itself can evolve due to selection, the behavioral, life-history and metabolic consequences of dispersal evolution are not well understood. Here we explore these issues by subjecting four outbred laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster to selection for increased dispersal. The dispersal-selected populations had similar values of body size, fecundity and longevity as the non-selected lines (controls), but evolved significantly greater locomotor activity, exploratory tendency, and aggression. Untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting through NMR spectroscopy suggested that the selected flies evolved elevated cellular respiration characterized by greater amounts of glucose, AMP and NAD. Concurrent evolution of higher level of Octopamine and other neurotransmitters indicate a possible mechanism for the behavioural changes in the selected lines. We discuss the generalizability of our findings in the context of observations from natural populations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the evolution of metabolome due to selection for dispersal and its connection to dispersal syndrome evolution.

scholarly journals Amplification of Mutator Cells in a Population as a Result of Horizontal Transfer

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (12) ◽  
pp. 3737-3741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Funchain ◽  
Annie Yeung ◽  
Jean Stewart ◽  
Wendy M. Clendenin ◽  
Jeffrey H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Mismatch Repair System ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Mutator Strains ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Spontaneous Mutants

ABSTRACT Mutator cells that lack the mismatch repair system (MMR−) occur at rates of 10−5 or less in laboratory populations started from wild-type cells. We show that after selection for recombinants in an interspecies mating betweenSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium andEscherichia coli, the percentage of MMR− cells rises to several percent of the recombinant population, and after a second successive mating and selection, greater than 95% of the recombinants are MMR−. Coupling a single cross and selection with either mutagenesis or selection for spontaneous mutants also results in a dramatic increase in MMR− cells. We discuss how horizontal transfer can result in mutator strains during adaptive evolution.

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