Epidemiology - the influence of socioeconomic differences

2011 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Gabriele Halwachs-Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Differences

scholarly journals Socioeconomic differences in food habits among 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children from 23 countries—WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI 2015/2017)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne‐Siri Fismen ◽  
Marta Buoncristiano ◽  
Julianne Williams ◽  
Arnfinn Helleve ◽  
Márta Bakacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences

scholarly journals Cystatin C Trajectories Among Middle-Aged and Older Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
Erfei Zhao ◽  
Eileen Crimmins ◽  
Jennifer Ailshire ◽  
Jung Ki Kim ◽  
Qiao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Deterioration in kidney functioning is associated with aging and is a major risk factor for mortality and other poor health outcomes. Medicare expenses for poor kidney functioning are about 100 billion dollars every year. High Cystatin-C is an indicator of poor kidney functioning. We do not know if cystatin-C increases gradually as an individual ages. We use the Health and Retirement Study 2006/2008 Biomarker sample with follow-up for 8 years to examine this. Demographic and socioeconomic differences in trajectories of Cystatin-C trajectories were examined for 22,984 participants aged 50 and older. Growth curve models reveal that, although Cystatin-C increases with age (beta=0.025, p<0.001), the annual increase varies by age (60-69 = 0.005, 70-79 = 0.013, 80+ = 0.017, p<0.001), controlling for other socioeconomic variables. Cystatin-C increases faster for males than females. Cystatin-C of non-Hispanic Whites is lower than non-Hispanic Blacks but higher than Hispanics; there is no racial/ethnic difference in change over time. People who spent fewer years in school have higher Cystatin-C, and college graduates have slower growth in Cystatin-C compared to people who did not graduate from high school. These novel findings highlight the disparities in the process of kidney aging among older Americans.

scholarly journals Geographical variation and clustering are found in atrial fibrillation beyond socioeconomic differences: a Danish cohort study, 1987–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstine Wodschow ◽  
Kristine Bihrmann ◽  
Mogens Lytken Larsen ◽  
Gunnar Gislason ◽  
Annette Kjær Ersbøll
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Geographical Variations

Abstract Background The prevalence and incidence rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) increase worldwide and AF is a risk factor for more adverse cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Approximately 44% of AF cases cannot be explained by common individual risk factors and risk might therefore also be related to the environment. By studying geographical variation and clustering in risk of incident AF adjusted for socioeconomic position at an individual level, potential neighbourhood risk factors could be revealed. Methods Initially, yearly AF incidence rates 1987–2015 were estimated overall and stratified by income in a register-based cohort study. To examine geographical variation and clustering in AF, we used both spatial scan statistics and a hierarchical Bayesian Poisson regression analysis of AF incidence rates with random effect of municipalities (n = 98) in Denmark in 2011–2015. Results The 1987–2015 cohort included 5,453,639 individuals whereof 369,800 were diagnosed with an incident AF. AF incidence rate increased from 174 to 576 per 100,000 person-years from 1987 to 2015. Inequality in AF incidence rate ratio between highest and lowest income groups increased from 23% in 1987 to 38% in 2015. We found clustering and geographical variation in AF incidence rates, with incidence rates at municipality level being up to 34% higher than the country mean after adjusting for socioeconomic position. Conclusions Geographical variations and clustering in AF incidence rates exist. Compared to previous studies from Alberta, Canada and the United States, we show that geographical variations exist in a country with free access to healthcare and even when accounting for socioeconomic differences at an individual level. An increasing social inequality in AF was seen from 1987 to 2015. Therefore, when planning prevention strategies, attention to individuals with low income should be given. Further studies focusing on identification of neighbourhood risk factors for AF are needed.

Socioeconomic differences in survival among breast cancer patients in the Netherlands not explained by tumor size

2010 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bastiaannet ◽  
A. J. M. de Craen ◽  
P. J. K. Kuppen ◽  
M. J. Aarts ◽  
L. G. M. van der Geest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

Sa008 RACIAL, SEX, AND SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS AGES 50-75 VS. 75+

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-387-S-388
Author(s):  
Oliver Stewart ◽  
Renee Williams ◽  
Jamie Huston ◽  
Kafayat A. Busari ◽  
Darrel Gachette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients
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