Enhanced Neuronal Damage in Severely Brain-Injured Patients by Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Adrenal Axis Neurohormonal Changes

2000 ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nariyuki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

C-tau biomarker of neuronal damage in severe brain injured patients: association with elevated intracranial pressure and clinical outcome

2002 ◽  
Vol 947 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank P Zemlan ◽  
Edward C Jauch ◽  
J.Jeffery Mulchahey ◽  
S.Prasad Gabbita ◽  
William S Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Elevated Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effect of Hypertonic Saline Solution in Traumatic Brain-Injured Patients and Intracranial Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 074-078
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Quiñones-Ossa ◽  
Adesh Shrivastava ◽  
William Andres Florez Perdomo ◽  
Luis R. Moscote-Salazar ◽  
Amit Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Hypertonic Saline Solution ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with an increase in the intracranial pressure (ICP). This increase in ICP can cross the physiological range and lead to a reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and the resultant cerebral blood flow (CBF). It is this reduction in the CBF that leads to the secondary damage to the neural parenchyma along with the physical axonal and neuronal damage caused by the mass effect. In certain cases, a surgical intervention may be required to either remove the mass lesion (hematoma of contusion evacuation) or provide more space to the insulted brain to expand (decompressive craniectomy). Whether or not a surgical intervention is performed, all these patients require some form of pharmaceutical antiedema agents to bring down the raised ICP. These agents have been broadly classified as colloids (e.g., mannitol, glycerol, urea) and crystalloids (e.g., hypertonic saline), and have been used since decades. Even though mannitol has been the workhorse for ICP reduction owing to its unique properties, crystalloids have been found to be the preferred agents, especially when long-term use is warranted. The safest and most widely used agent is hypertonic saline in various concentrations. Whatever be the concentration, hypertonic saline has created special interest among physicians owing to its additional property of immunomodulation and neuroprotection. In this review, we summarize and understand the various mechanism by which hypertonic saline exerts its immunomodulatory effects that helps in neuroprotection after TBI.

Specific Computerized Attention Training in Stroke and Traumatic Brain-Injured Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sturm ◽  
B. Fimm ◽  
A. Cantagallo ◽  
N. Cremel ◽  
P. North ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Computerized Training ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Divided Attention Task ◽  
Injured Patients

Abstract: In a multicenter European approach, the efficacy of the AIXTENT computerized training programs for intensity aspects (alertness and vigilance) and selectivity aspects (selective and divided attention) of attention was studied in 33 patients with brain damage of vascular and traumatic etiology. Each patient received training in one of two most impaired of the four attention domains. Control tests were performed by means of a standardized computerized attention test battery (TAP) comprising tests for the four attention functions. Assessment was carried out at the beginning and at the end of a four week baseline period and after the training period of 14 one-hour sessions. At the end of the baseline phase, there was only slight but significant improvement for the most complex attention function, divided attention (number of omissions). After the training, there were significant specific training effects for both intensity aspects (alertness and vigilance) and also for the number of omissions in the divided attention task. The application of inferential single case procedures revealed a high number of significant improvements in individual cases after specific training of alertness and vigilance problems. On the other hand, a non specific training addressing selectivity aspects of attention lead either to improvement or deterioration of alertness and vigilance performance. The results corroborate the findings of former studies with the same training instrument but in patients with different lesion etiologies.

Occult cerebrovascular injury in brain injured patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Scheid ◽  
DY von Cramon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Injury ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

How to manage fever in brain-injured patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Picetti ◽  
Francesco Minardi ◽  
Sandra Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

Relative Hypermetabolism of Vermis Cerebelli in Traumatic Brain Injured Patients Studied with 18FDG PET: A Descriptor of Brain Damage and a Possible Predictor of Outcome

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lupi ◽  
Giannettore Bertagnoni ◽  
Anna Borghero ◽  
Matteo Salgarello ◽  
Pierluigi Zanco
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
18Fdg Pet ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

Intraventricular pressure after administration of dehydrating agents to severely brain-injured patients

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Troupp ◽  
S. Valtonen ◽  
M. Vapalahti
Keyword(s):  
Intraventricular Pressure ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

Convergence insufficiency in brain-injured patients

Brain Injury ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cohen ◽  
Z. Groswasser ◽  
R. Barchadski ◽  
A. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients
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