The Epidemiological Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination Programs in the United States and Mexico

2009 ◽  
pp. 303-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunha Shim ◽  
Carlos Castillo-Chavez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

scholarly journals Strategies for Disseminating and Implementing the COVID-19 Vaccines in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Prusaczyk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract The United States has well-documented rural-urban health disparities and it is imperative that these are not exacerbated by an inefficient roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccines to rural areas. In addition to the pre-existing barriers to delivering and receiving healthcare in rural areas, such as high patient:provider ratios and long geographic distances between patients and providers, rural residents are significantly more likely to say they have no intention of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, compared to urban residents. To overcome these barriers and ensure rural residents receive the vaccine, officials and communities should look to previous research on how to communicate vaccine information and implement successful vaccination programs in rural areas for guidance and concrete strategies to use in their local efforts.

scholarly journals Spatial Modeling of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9488
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Mollalo ◽  
Moosa Tatar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The Impact

Vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccine services. Despite the efforts of United States healthcare providers to vaccinate the bulk of its population, vaccine hesitancy is still a severe challenge that has led to the resurgence of COVID-19 cases to over 100,000 people during early August 2021. To our knowledge, there are limited nationwide studies that examined the spatial distribution of vaccination rates, mainly based on the social vulnerability index (SVI). In this study, we compiled a database of the percentage of fully vaccinated people at the county scale across the continental United States as of 29 July 2021, along with SVI data as potential significant covariates. We further employed multiscale geographically weighted regression to model spatial nonstationarity of vaccination rates. Our findings indicated that the model could explain over 79% of the variance of vaccination rate based on Per capita income and Minority (%) (with positive impacts), and Age 17 and younger (%), Mobile homes (%), and Uninsured people (%) (with negative effects). However, the impact of each covariate varied for different counties due to using separate optimal bandwidths. This timely study can serve as a geospatial reference to support public health decision-makers in forming region-specific policies in monitoring vaccination programs from a geographic perspective.

Continued Evidence of the Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine in Children Less Than 3 Years of Age From the United States New Vaccine Surveillance Network: A Multisite Active Surveillance Program, 2006–2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Allen Staat ◽  
Daniel C Payne ◽  
Natasha Halasa ◽  
Geoffrey A Weinberg ◽  
Stephanie Donauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vaccine Surveillance

Abstract Background Since 2006, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network has conducted active, population-based surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in 3 United States counties. Trends in the epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus hospitalizations and ED visits were examined from 2006 to 2016. Methods Children < 3 years of age hospitalized or visiting the ED with AGE were enrolled from January 2006 through June 2016. Bulk stool specimens were collected and tested for rotavirus. Rotavirus-associated hospitalization and ED visit rates were calculated annually with 2006–2007 defined as the prevaccine period and 2008–2016 as the postvaccine period. Rotavirus genotype trends were compared over time. Results Over 11 seasons, 6954 children with AGE were enrolled and submitted a stool specimen (2187 hospitalized and 4767 in the ED). Comparing pre- and postvaccine periods, the proportion of children with rotavirus dramatically declined for hospitalization (49% vs 10%) and ED visits (49% vs 8%). In the postvaccine era, a biennial pattern of rotavirus rates was observed, with a trend toward an older median age. G1P[8] (63%) was the predominant genotype in the prevaccine period with a significantly lower proportion (7%) in the postvaccine period (P < .001). G2P[4] remained stable (8% to 14%) in both periods, whereas G3P[8] and G12P[8] increased in proportion from pre- to postvaccine periods (1% to 25% and 17% to 40%), respectively. Conclusions The epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus has been altered by rotavirus vaccination with a biennial disease pattern, sustained low rates of rotavirus in children < 3 years of age, and a shift in the residual genotypes from G1P[8] to other genotypes.

scholarly journals Infant Rotavirus Vaccination May Provide Indirect Protection to Older Children and Adults in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 204 (7) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Lopman ◽  
Aaron T. Curns ◽  
Catherine Yen ◽  
Umesh D. Parashar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Indirect Protection

scholarly journals Potential Intussusception Risk Versus Benefits of Rotavirus Vaccination in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi Desai ◽  
Margaret M. Cortese ◽  
Martin I. Meltzer ◽  
Manjunath Shankar ◽  
Jacqueline E. Tate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rubella Immunity in a Community Prenatal Clinic

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Edward C. Nwanegbo ◽  
Thor Swanson ◽  
Oluseyi Vanderpuye ◽  
Carlos F. Rios-Bedoya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Booster Immunization

Since the introduction of the Rubella vaccine in 1969, prevalence of congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS) has greatly declined in the United States. However, reports of sporadic adult cases of the disease and frequent identification of non-Rubella immune (NRI) women in prenatal units may result in outbreak of CRS in susceptible communities. Identifying populations with high rates of NRI will assist in evidence-based public health intervention that may prevent epidemic of CRS in the United States. Method. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study involving chart audit of Rubella screening results of 642 women who attended a high-risk prenatal care at a northwestern Iowa clinic between January 1 and December 31, 2007. Results. NRI was found in 6.9% of the study population. The highest prevalence rate of 10.2% was found among adolescents. NRI was highest among Native American women at 17.3%, compared to Whites 7.3%, African Americans 5.9%, and Hispanics 4.6%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Native Americans were 2.5 times more likely to be NRI compared to Whites (OR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 6.6). Conclusion. This study demonstrated higher rate of non-Rubella immunity among adolescent pregnant women and supports Rubella booster immunization for all non-pregnant teenage women. The observed high rate of NRI among Native Americans may require further studies and evaluation of Rubella vaccination programs in tribal communities.

Epidemiological dynamics of enterovirus D68 in the United States and implications for acute flaccid myelitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (584) ◽  
pp. eabd2400
Author(s):  
Sang Woo Park ◽  
Margarita Pons-Salort ◽  
Kevin Messacar ◽  
Camille Cook ◽  
Lindsay Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
United States ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) recently emerged in the United States as a rare but serious neurological condition since 2012. Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is thought to be a main causative agent, but limited surveillance of EV-D68 in the United States has hampered the ability to assess their causal relationship. Using surveillance data from the BioFire Syndromic Trends epidemiology network in the United States from January 2014 to September 2019, we characterized the epidemiological dynamics of EV-D68 and found latitudinal gradient in the mean timing of EV-D68 cases, which are likely climate driven. We also demonstrated a strong spatiotemporal association of EV-D68 with AFM. Mathematical modeling suggested that the recent dominant biennial cycles of EV-D68 dynamics may not be stable. Nonetheless, we predicted that a major EV-D68 outbreak, and hence an AFM outbreak, would have still been possible in 2020 under normal epidemiological conditions. Nonpharmaceutical intervention efforts due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have reduced the sizes of EV-D68 and AFM outbreaks in 2020, illustrating the broader epidemiological impact of the pandemic.

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