Effects on the Content of Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Heavy metals in Soil and Plants After Application of Compost and Sewage Sludge

1996 ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cortellini ◽  
G. Toderi ◽  
G. Baldoni ◽  
A. Nassisi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effect of clay amendment on speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Qiao ◽  
Goen Ho
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Physico Chemical

When sewage sludge is used as a soil conditioner, heavy metal contamination can limit its application rates. The potential hazard of heavy metals is, however, dependent on the physico-chemical forms of the metals in the sludge and soil. Bauxite refining residue (red mud) has been used to reduce the mobility and availability of heavy metals in municipal solid waste compost. In the present research a sequential step extraction was employed to investigate metal speciation (into exchangeable, bound to carbonate, to Mn & Fe oxides, to organic matter and in residue phase) and the effect of red mud on metal speciation in sewage sludge for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The effect of red mud addition on metal distribution in sewage sludge compost was significant. Red mud addition can effectively reduce the metal mobility and the potential hazard of releasing metals from sludge due to the further breakdown of organic matter. Drying of sludge makes heavy metals more available. Red mud addition will be desirable in such a case. Plant available metals (determined by DTPA extraction) are, however, not as effectively reduced except for Pb and Zn.

scholarly journals ASPECTOS GEOQUÍMICOS Y AMBIENTALES DE LOS SEDIMENTOS DEL RÍO CUCHIVERO, VENEZUELA.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arístide Márquez ◽  
Gregorio Martínez ◽  
Julio Figuera ◽  
Ivis Fermín ◽  
William James Senior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This paper reports the geochemical characteristics and environmental conditions of Cuchivero river sediments in Venezuela, depending on particle size, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen and total phosphorus, carbonates and heavy metals. The granulometry was typified by a predominance of sands with low organic matter (0.52 to 0.87%), organic carbon (0.06 to 0.09%) and carbonates content (0.54 to 2.61%) as well as high values of total nitrogen (602-985 mg / kg). The poor correlation between nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter, suggests presence of nitrogen and total phosphorus of allochthonous origin and no Redfield organic matter. The average heavy metals in mg/kg, showed a descending concentration gradient, Fe (410)> Mn (63.14)> Zn (9.01)> Ni (3.38)> (2.21Cu)> Cr (2.09)> Co (1.13)> Cd (0.21) > Pb (0.07) mg / kg, with an association to the sands and carbonates, suggesting lithogenic origin. From the environmental point of view, there is no evidence of anthropogenic impact, as reflected by levels of organic matter and heavy metals which are below of the permissible values.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Industrial Sewage Sludge and Its Evaluation for Land Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi Galangash ◽  
◽  
Mostafa Mahdavianpour ◽  
Samira Ghafouri Safa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Microbial Contaminants ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

Background: Sewage treatment leads to the production of large amount of sludge, containing organic matter and nutrients and considering requirements for recycling could be used as fertilizer. The sludge may also contain various pollutants that pose serious harm to human health and the environment. This study aimed at characterizing the industrial sewage sludge and evaluating its capability as fertilizer with no or a minor pretreatment. Methods: The sludge’s organic matter and nutrient contents, heavy metals, organic and microbial contaminants were determined and compared to literature data and international guidelines. Results: The organic matter, nutrients, phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium contents of the sludge samples were significantly high as follows: 33.6 ± 2.85 %, 6.29 ± 0.16 %, 1.41± 0.01 % and 1.236 g/kg, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals was 94.3 ± 59.5 mg/kg. The concentration of heavy metals, organic contaminants, such as PCBs, BTEX, and PAHs, and microbial contents (coliforms & E. coli) were lower than those reported by other studies. Toluene concentration was high. Conclusions: All characteristics of the sludge samples, except for the toluene and microbial contaminations, were acceptable for its use as land fertilizer. Both toluene and microbial contaminants can be removed, using thermal conditioning as a pretreatment.

scholarly journals Co-Pyrolysis of Coal/Biomass and Coal/Sewage Sludge Mixtures

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Storm ◽  
Helmut Rüdiger ◽  
Hartmut Spliethoff ◽  
Klaus R. G. Hein
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Entrained Flow Reactor

Biomass and sewage sludge are attracting increasing interest in power plant technology as a source of carbon dioxide-neutral fuels. A new way to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels could be the co-combustion or co-gasification of coal and biomass or coal and sewage sludge. In both cases, pyrolysis is the first step in the technical process. In order to obtain detailed information about the pyrolysis of coal/biomass and coal/sewage sludge mixtures as well as unblended fuels, the ‘Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen (IVD)’ at the University of Stuttgart has carried out investigations using an electrically heated entrained flow reactor. One application of substitution of fossil fuels could be the utilization of pyrolysis gas or gas generated in a gasification process as a reburn fuel in conventional boilers fired with fossil fuels. Investigation showed that generated gas from coal, biomass and sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification have high NOx reduction efficiencies compared to methane or low calorific gases using it as a reburn fuel in coal fired boilers. In order to take advantage of this pretreatment process the release of organic as well as of mineral compounds during the pyrolysis or gasification has to be investigated. For coal pyrolysis and gasification the reactions are known since there was a lot of research all over the world. Biomass or sewage sludge have other structures compared to fossil fuels and contain alkali, chlorine and other problematic compounds, like heavy metals. The release of those elements and of the organic matter has to be investigated to characterize the gas and the residual char. The optimum process parameters regarding the composition of the generated gas and the residual char have to be found out. The IVD has studied the co-pyrolysis of biomass and sewage sludge together with a high volatile hard coal. The main parameters to be investigated were the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor (400°C–1200°C) and the coal/biomass and coal/sewage sludge blends. Besides co-pyrolysis experiments test runs with unmixed main fuels were carried out with the hard coal, straw as biomass, and a sewage sludge. It was expected that the high reactivity of biomass and sewage sludge would have an effect on the product composition during co-pyrolysis. The test runs provided information about fuel conversion efficiency, pyrolysis gas and tar yield, and composition of pyrolysis gas and tar. Besides gas and tar analysis investigations regarding the path of trace elements, like heavy metals, alkali, chlorine and nitrogen components, during the pyrolysis process varying different parameters have been carried out. The fuel nitrogen distribution between pyrolysis gas, tar and char has been analyzed as well as the ash composition and thus the release of mineral components during pyrolysis. Increasing reaction temperatures result in a higher devolatilization for all fuels. Biomass shows a devolatilization of up to 80% at high temperatures. Hard coal shows a weight toss of approx. 50% at same temperatures. Sewage sludge devolatilizes also up to 50%, which is nearly a total release of organic matter, because of the high ash content of about 50% in sewage sludge. Gaseous hydrocarbons have a production maximum at about 800°C reaction temperature for all feedstocks. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are increasingly formed at high pyrolysis temperatures due to gasification reactions. Mineral elements are released during straw pyrolysis, but within the hot gas filtration unit further recombination reactions and condensation of elements on panicles take place. There is no release of mineral elements during sewage sludge pyrolysis and only a slight release of heavy metals at high pyrolysis temperatures. The effect of co-pyrolysis depends on the feedstocks used in association with the panicle size. The co-pyrolysis test runs showed that a synergetic effect exists when using sewage sludge and hard coal. There is a higher char production related to the unmixed fuels; gas and tar formation are lowered. Co-pyrolysis test runs with biomass and coal did not show this effect on the pyrolysis products. Reasons for this behaviour could be a difference in particle size and material structure which influences the devolatilization velocity of the fuels used or the relatively short residence time in the entrained flow reactor. It seems possible that coal pyrolysis is influenced by the reaction atmosphere, generated in co-pyrolysis. In the co-pyrolysis of coal and sewage sludge, the sludge degases much faster than coal because of the structure of sewage sludge and its small panicle. The coal pyrolysis taking place afterwards in the reaction tube occurs in a different atmosphere, compared to the mono-pyrolysis experiments. The devolatilization of coal in the co-pyrolysis experiments together with straw was not disturbed by the gaseous products of straw pyrolysis, because the large straw particles showed a delayed degasing compared to the coal particles.

scholarly journals BIOGEOQUÍMICA DA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA E METAIS EM UM MANGUEZAL NA ZONA ESTUARINA URBANA, BAHIA, BRASIL

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Lima Navarro de Andrade ◽  
Joil José Celino ◽  
Ronaldo Montenegro Barbosa ◽  
Karina Santos Garcia ◽  
Narayana Flora Costa Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Estuarine Area ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Natural Tracer ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

O comportamento biogeoquímico do carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo e metais, e os isótopos traçadores naturais da matéria orgânicaforam estudados nos sedimentos e plantas em 15 pontos no estuário do rio Passa Vaca, situado em área urbana de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.Nos sedimentos, a ordem dos elementos investigados foi: Fe > Al > Ca > P > Na >Cu >K > Zn > Mn, para a espécie Laguncularia racemosa (L.)Gaertn observou-se: Na > Ca > K > Fe > Mn > Al > Zn > Cu; e para Rhizophora mangle L: Na > Ca > K > Mn > Fe > Al > Zn > Cu além decorrelações sedimento/planta na concentração dos elementos. Entretanto, os fatores de concentração para os metais pesados estiveramabaixo de 1 indicando baixa absorção destes pelas plantas. O Carbono Orgânico Total (COT) variou de 1,03 a 4,77%. A razão molar C/N eisotópicas 13C e 15C indicaram que um percentual considerável da matéria orgânica é de fonte terrestre, sendo proveniente da vegetaçãodo próprio manguezal.Palavras-chave: Metais, matéria orgânica, isótopos. ABSTRACTBIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MATTER AND METALS IN A MANGROVE AT THE URBAN ESTUARINE AREA, BAHIA, BRAZIL -The biogeochemical behavior of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and natural tracer isotopes of organic matter were studied insediments and plants at 15 points in the estuary of the Passa Vaca River, located in urban area of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Sedimentelements were the order: Fe> Al> Ca> P> Na> Cu> K> Zn> Mn, for the specie Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn was observed: Na> Ca> K>Fe> Mn> Al> Zn> Cu, and Rhizophora mangle L: Na> Ca> K> Mn> Fe> Al> Zn> Cu. Correlations were also observed sediment/plant in theconcentration of elements evaluated. However, the concentration factors for heavy metals were below 1 indicating low absorption ofthese plants. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ranged from 1.03 to 4.77%. The molar ratio C / N and isotopic 13C and 15C indicated that asignificant percentage of organic matter is land-based sources, and from the mangrove vegetation itself.Keywords: Metals, organic matter, isotopes.

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