Commercial production in Australia and New Zealand

The present review examines the commercial production of racing and sport horses in New Zealand, describing the size and scope of the industries, the management and feeding, and the training and wastage of race (Thoroughbred and Standardbred) and sport horses. The number of horses per head of population in New Zealand (30/1000 people) is high by international standards and the main equine industries generate ~2% of national gross domestic product. In New Zealand the Thoroughbred breeding and racing industry dominates organised equestrian activity (economically and numerically). Furthermore, this Thoroughbred bias has an influence on equestrian culture and may explain, in part, the high proportion of Thoroughbred sport horses registered for eventing in New Zealand, which is in contrast to other international sport-horse populations. An understanding of the production, management and structure of the racing and sport industries in New Zealand is paramount to ensure the health and welfare of the equine athlete and the continuing success of the industries.

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ALTERNATIVE SULPHUR FERTILISERS IN NEW ZEALAND

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1986.47.1735 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 233-242

Author(s):

Cc Boswell ◽

B. Swanney

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Bentonite Clay ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Particle Size Distributions ◽

Sodium Bentonite ◽

Suitable Material ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

S Oxidation

Interest in high analysis sulphur (S) fertilisers is centred on elemental S which is generally mixed with other materials for safety reasons and to improve effectiveness. Central to the effectiveness of S fertilisers is the rate of oxidation to sulphate-S (SO4S)) for plant uptake. Oxidation rates increase as particle fineness increases. The distribution of S particle sizes in mixtures therefore affects the effectiveness of the fertiliser in any environment. Rates of oxidation vary between environments and thus different S particle size distributions suit different environments. Currently the choice of alternative commercial available S fertilisers is restricted to screened 'agricultural's" and mixtures of S" with superphosphate. Of these, molten mixed S superphosphate is the most suitable material for most environments but especially where S oxidation is slow. Commercial production of alternative S" fertiliser mixtures in New Zealand is imminent. Mixtures of S and sodium bentonite offer the possibility of preparing fertilisers to suit different environments. Granulated ground S" mixed with bentonite clay can be expected to release SO4-S more slowly but this has advantages where leaching of sulphate is likely. Production of SO4-S from two improved Canadian S/bentonite materials is expected to be similar to or slower than that from granulated ground S. Two other imported products, S impregnated urea (20% S, 36%N) and 'Thiovit' (85%S) contain finely divided and ultra finely divided S" respectively. They are raptdly and very rapidly oxidised to sulphate and may have specialised uses in cropping and horticultural enterprises. Keywords: Sulphur fertilisers, elemental sulphur, sulphur/sodium bentonite, plant sulphate, oxidation rates

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RECENT EXPLORATION ACTIVITY IN NEW ZEALAND

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj98068 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

R.W. Plume

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

East Coast ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Current Level ◽

Oil Accumulation ◽

The Past ◽

Level Of Activity ◽

High Level ◽

Exploration Activity ◽

Commercial Oil

The past 18 months in New Zealand have seen a relatively high level of exploration activity. A certain degree of cyclicity is part of the NZ exploration scene and derives from the fact that the industry in NZ is small and also from the nature of the permit regime. Significant developments during the period have been the discovery of commercial production outside the Taranaki Basin (the Kauhauroa field in the East Coast Basin) and the rediscovery of a potentially commercial oil accumulation in the Taranaki Basin (Maari). The level of activity is expected to continue at about the current level for at least the remainder of 1999.

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Practical fertilization procedure and embryonic development of the New Zealand geoduck clam (Panopea zelandica)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315416001685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 475-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dung V. Le ◽

Tim Young ◽

Andrea C. Alfaro ◽

Norman L.C. Ragg ◽

Zoë Hilton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Normal Embryo ◽

Soft Body ◽

Apical Tuft ◽

Embryo Yield ◽

Apical Plate ◽

Polar Bodies ◽

Veliger Larvae

Cultivation of the geoduck Panopea zelandica (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) requires knowledge on embryonic development to produce spat in hatcheries. This study investigated the development of P. zelandica embryos at 15°C and 35 ppt and the optimal sperm:egg ratios for fertilization under hatchery conditions. Panopea zelandica broodstock were induced to spawn by serotonin injection. Sperm and eggs were collected and fertilization was conducted at sperm:egg ratios of: 50:1, 100:1, 500:1, 1000:1 and 10,000:1 over 40 min. The optimal sperm:egg ratio was <500:1 and the normal embryo yield at 3 and 18 h post-fertilization (hpf) ranged from 83–96%. Panopea zelandica eggs (~80 μm diameter) developed the first and second polar bodies within 15–20 and 50–55 min post-fertilization, respectively. The blastula appeared at ~8 hpf, including the XR and XL cells and the presumptive shell field depression. Gastrulation occurred at 12–18 hpf with organic material apparent at the shell field depression. The mid-stage trochophore, which appeared at around 35 hpf had an apical plate with an apical tuft. The shell field spread to form the periostracum, which expanded and folded into right and left segments covering the late trochophore. The early D-stage veliger appeared at 45 hpf with the soft body being enclosed by two valves and the appearance of the velum. These observations will serve as the basis for future analyses of P. zelandica embryogenesis and for optimization of commercial production of D-veliger larvae.

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Identification of onion cultivars for commercial production in Canterbury, New Zealand

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science ◽

10.1080/01140671.1995.9513902 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 299-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. E. Lancaster ◽

E. P. McCartney ◽

W. A. Jermyn ◽

J. V. Johnstone

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Commercial Production

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Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries: Primary Distance Indicators

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s007418090011900x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 563-566

Author(s):

J. D. Pritchard ◽

W. Tobin ◽

J. V. Clausen ◽

E. F. Guinan ◽

E. L. Fitzpatrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Magellanic Cloud ◽

Eclipsing Binaries ◽

Fundamental Parameters ◽

Distance Indicators

Our collaboration involves groups in Denmark, the U.S.A. Spain and of course New Zealand. Combining ground-based and satellite (IUEandHST) observations we aim to determine accurate and precise stellar fundamental parameters for the components of Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries as well as the distances to these systems and hence the parent galaxies themselves. This poster presents our latest progress.

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Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067522 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 106-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronald S. Weinstein ◽

N. Scott McNutt

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

General Hospital ◽

Massachusetts General Hospital ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Collaborative Effort ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

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A Cytochemical Study of Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-PASE) in Cells Participating in Atherogenesis of Rabbit Aorta

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100115924 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 460-461

Author(s):

Sidney D. Kobernick ◽

Edna A. Elfont ◽

Neddra L. Brooks

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

New Zealand ◽

Aortic Wall ◽

Rabbit Aorta ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Metabolic Changes ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Cellular Alteration ◽

New Zealand White Rabbits

This cytochemical study was designed to investigate early metabolic changes in the aortic wall that might lead to or accompany development of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits. The hypothesis that the primary cellular alteration leading to plaque formation might be due to changes in either carbohydrate or lipid metabolism led to histochemical studies that showed elevation of G-6-Pase in atherosclerotic plaques of rabbit aorta. This observation initiated the present investigation to determine how early in plaque formation and in which cells this change could be observed.Male New Zealand white rabbits of approximately 2000 kg consumed normal diets or diets containing 0.25 or 1.0 gm of cholesterol per day for 10, 50 and 90 days. Aortas were injected jin situ with glutaraldehyde fixative and dissected out. The plaques were identified, isolated, minced and fixed for not more than 10 minutes. Incubation and postfixation proceeded as described by Leskes and co-workers.

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