Environmentally friendly technologies of oil products extraction in oil-containing wastes purification

Significant oil losses in oil-containing wastes and their adverse impact on the region’s environmental setting bring about the need to develop an oil-containing wastes treatment technology. To tackle this issue, the authors have set an aim of designing a helio device and creating an oil-containing wastes treatment method based on it to extract oil products. Considering a wide spread in the composition and properties of potential oil sludge raw materials and their tendency for either formation of stable emulsions or phase separation, we have conducted in-depth modern physical and chemical studies and defined the need to develop a commercial oil-containing wastes purification method. We have designed the device, in which oil product hydrocarbons undergo thermal treatment using solar energy without prejudice to their chemical structure. Following oil-containing wastes purification using solar energy, the particulate load in soil does not exceed 6.65-6.79% and the absolute molecular weight of hydrocarbons approaches that of bitumen. The oil-containing wastes purification method developed solves an important environmental issue of oil-containing wastes recycling, promotes recovery and prevents degradation of natural complexes, and reduces soil and water pollution.

Use of mango seed almonds to obtain pastry oil

The Mango residues, the result of fruit processing processes, are normally not processed because they have no industrial value for the production of juices, jams, among other derivatives; contributing to environmental problems when they are not adequately disposed of. For this reason, this research was raised; the objective of which was to take advantage of the seeds residues of the Tommy Atkins variety mango (Mangífera indica L.), for the production of useful oils in the production of pastry products. To carry out the oil extraction, a Soxhlet extractor with hexane of 99 % purity at a boiling point between 68-75 ° C was used. Among the results obtained, it was found that the oil has stearic fatty acid (40.4 ± 0.01 g.100 g-1) in a higher proportion, followed by oleic (33.6 ± 0.02 g.100 g-1), palmitic (12,0 ± 0.01 g.100 g-1), linoleic (8.1 ± 0.2 g.100 g-1), linolenic (1.6 ± 0.02 g.100 g-1) and finally arachidic acid (3.0 ± 0.04 g.100 g-1). From the oil obtained, traditional formulations for pastry products such as chocolate truffles, Genovese, ganache and quick chocolate biscuit were made, replacing 100 % of commercial sunflower oil. Subsequently, the acceptance of the products was tested, through a sensory evaluation, applied to 50 untrained panelists, who compared the products made with commercial oil versus those made with mango almond oil; the most widely accepted being the use of the latter in ganache (60 %) and chocolate truffles (64 %).

OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF PREPARING MOTOR FUELS AT REFINERIES

One of the key tasks of modern oil refining in Kazakhstan is the production of commercial oil products that meet international environmental standards K-4, K-5. Undoubtedly, this is facilitated by the modernization of primary and secondary production facilities of refineries, which allows you to expand the range of commercial products and improve their quality. The compounding process plays an equally important role in the formation of quantitative and qualitative indicators of commercial gasoline.The article considers the main mathematical models for calculating the preparation of commercial gasoline, the main purpose of which is to select a recipe that ensures compliance of petroleum products with GOST requirements. the basis is a mathematical model for calculating the detonation resistance of gasoline, taking into account the intermolecular interactions of the mixture components. Currently, the modeling of mathematical models of various oil refining processes is of particular relevance, since this allows reducing the cost of the experimental part, calculate all possible scenarios and make the most appropriate choice.

Purification of Oil-Containing Waste Using Solar Energy

Significant oil losses in oil-containing wastes and their adverse impact on the region environmental setting bring about the need to develop an oil-containing wastes treatment technology. To tackle this issue, the authors have set an aim of designing a helio device and creating an oil-containing wastes treatment method based on it to extract oil products. Considering a widespread in the composition and properties of potential oil sludge raw materials and their tendency for either formation of stable emulsions or phase separation, we have conducted in-depth modern physical and chemical studies and defined the need to develop a commercial oil-containing wastes purification method. We have designed the device, in which oil product hydrocarbons undergo thermal treatment using solar energy. Following oil-containing wastes purification using solar energy, the particulate load in soil does not exceed 6.65–6.79 % and the absolute molecular weight of hydrocarbons approaches that of bitumen. The developed oil-containing wastes purification method solves an important environmental issue of oil-containing wastes recycling, promotes recovery, and prevents degradation of natural complexes, and reduces soil and water pollution.

Geological structure and prospects of oil-gas presence at the Pohar plot (Folded Carpathians)

The Pohar plot is situated in the Skole district of the Lviv Region, 30 km south-west of Skole town, between Pohar and Kryve villages. Tectonically it is located in of junction of the Skybian (Slavske Skyba) and the Krosno covers. At the end of XIX beginning of XX centuries in the region of the village the oil-extracting enterprise was existent. There deposits of Oligocen and Eocene of the Rozluch belt of the Krosno cover and Oligocene of the scale of the Slavske skyba of the Skybian cover were exploited. During two ten-years of exploitation by exploring shafts and shallow boreholes more than 3 thousand ton of oil was extracted. Prospects of the Pohar plot should be connected with sand horizons of the Holovets suite of Oligocen (Klivsky sandstones) that are characterized by satisfactory reservoir properties. They are localized in the immersed part of the Hrosivsky scale of the Krosno cover separated by the Rozluch fault (tectonically screened deposit) from its forkball part, drilled in 1973–1974 1-Pohar borehole (well bottom 1935 m), due to deflection of its hole to the south-east, didn’t expose the Klivsky sandstones and didn’t solve its task. For complete exposition of the Klivsky sandstones of the Holovets suite of Oligocene of the Hrosivsky scale it is necessary to design vertically oriented 2-Pohar borehole of 2300 m in depth. About probable commercial oil-gas saturation of the horizon of the Klivsky sandstones testifies not only to the existence of the oil-extracting enterprise in the past, but the intensive surface oil shows in the stretched area that is controlled by the Rozluch fault. Moreover, taking the prospect of the zone of junction of the given covers in consideration, the seismic survey should be conducted at the Pohar area for the estimation of the geological structure of the deeper horizons and parametric borehole of 4000–5000 m in depth should be designed.

Seismic Geomorphology Of Channels In X-Block, Penyu Basin

Penyu Basin is a complex, intracratonic basin, situated on the northern Sunda Shelf. This basin formed during Oligocene, and geological setting of this area is a typical Southeast Asian Tertiary rift system. An oil discovery has been made in X-Block of Penyu Basin. However, it was relinquished in 2006 due to the non-commercial oil discovery. X-Block consists of mostly monoclinal structures that do not seem to provide an efficient trapping mechanism because of the very low reliefs. Three wells have been drilled in X-Block and tested primarily on the structural traps, mainly the basement drape structures. This research aims to analyze the stratigraphic traps, focusing on channel features. This is done with the aid from seismic geomorphology. This method helps examine buried landforms by using seismic data as a tool. By seismic geomorphology study, several channel features can be recognized. Most of the channels can be found in upper and middle part of the seismic section. As going deeper to the bottom section, only lineaments of faults are visible. In the upper part of the seismic section, straight and long channel features can be observed and as moving downwards, the channel sinuosity increases resulting in meandering channel. From this seismic geomorphology study, it confirms that there are channel systems in X-Block of Penyu Basin.

Evaluation and Formulation of the Methanol Extract and Oil of Nigella Sativa Linn into Suppositories with Potentials in the Management of Vaginal Candidiasis

Background: A focus on the need to continue to develop alternative treatment protocols, especially from natural sources like plants to circumvent the antimicrobial resistance experienced with synthetic products has become imperative. Objective: This research focused on the evaluation of the antifungal activities of Nigella sativa; and the formulation of a vaginal suppository in a bid to provide therapeutic solutions to vaginal candidiasis. Methods: Antifungal activities of the methanol extracts of seeds and commercial oil from Nigella sativa were examined by the agar well diffusion method against ten clinical isolates of Candida albicans and one reference standard Candida albicans ATCC 3147. Clotrimazole was used as a positive control. Vaginal suppositories were formulated with 20% of the alcohol extract and commercial oil using cocoa butter and shea butter as bases. The suppositories were assessed for their physicochemical and in-vitro dissolution properties. Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antifungal activities of the Nigella sativa suppositories. Results: The zones of inhibition of the extract ranged between 12.00 ± 1.73 and 32.33 ± 3.21 mm. After formulation, both cocoa butter and shea butter bases were found to be compatible with the extract. They exhibited relatively high disintegration time (8.56 ± 0.42 to 12.39 ± 0.98 min). The cocoa butter base gave stable suppositories and a faster release rate (56.95 ± 1.37 min) of the extract. The zones of inhibition of the suppositories incorporated with the extract ranged between 10.00 ± 1.00 and 23.67 ± 2.08 mm. Conclusion: These outcomes showed that the extract possesses antifungal activities and when incorporated into suppositories, activities vary according to the bases employed with the cocoa butter base being the more effective of the two bases.