scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Animals: Age-Related Development among Children

1985 ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Kellert
Keyword(s):  
Age Related ◽  
Attitudes Toward Animals ◽  
Related Development

scholarly journals Change by challenge: A common genetic basis behind childhood cognitive development and cognitive training

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Sauce ◽  
John Wiedenhoeft ◽  
Nicholas Judd ◽  
Torkel Klingberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Central Piece ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Cognitive Challenges

AbstractThe interplay of genetic and environmental factors behind cognitive development has preoccupied multiple fields of science and sparked heated debates over the decades. Here we tested the hypothesis that developmental genes rely heavily on cognitive challenges—as opposed to natural maturation. Starting with a polygenic score (cogPGS) that previously explained variation in cognitive performance in adults, we estimated its effect in 344 children and adolescents (mean age of 12 years old, ranging from 6 to 25) who showed changes in working memory (WM) in two distinct samples: (1) a developmental sample showing significant WM gains after 2 years of typical, age-related development, and (2) a training sample showing significant, experimentally-induced WM gains after 25 days of an intense WM training. We found that the same genetic factor, cogPGS, significantly explained the amount of WM gain in both samples. And there was no interaction of cogPGS with sample, suggesting that those genetic factors are neutral to whether the WM gains came from development or training. These results represent evidence that cognitive challenges are a central piece in the gene-environment interplay during cognitive development. We believe our study sheds new light on previous findings of interindividual differences in education (rich-get-richer and compensation effects), brain plasticity in children, and the heritability increase of intelligence across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterial Succession and Correlation Networks in a Large Unselected Cohort of Mothers and Their Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Avershina ◽  
O. Storrø ◽  
T. Øien ◽  
R. Johnsen ◽  
R. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Populations ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTBifidobacteria are a major microbial component of infant gut microbiota, which is believed to promote health benefits for the host and stimulate maturation of the immune system. Despite their perceived importance, very little is known about the natural development of and possible correlations between bifidobacteria in human populations. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed stool samples from a randomly selected healthy cohort of 87 infants and their mothers with >90% of vaginal delivery and nearly 100% breast-feeding at 4 months. Fecal material was sampled during pregnancy, at 3 and 10 days, at 4 months, and at 1 and 2 years after birth. Stool samples were predicted to be rich in the speciesBifidobacterium adolescentis,B. bifidum,B. dentium,B. breve, andB. longum. Due to high variation, we did not identify a clear age-related structure at the individual level. Within the population as a whole, however, there were clear age-related successions. Negative correlations between theB. longumgroup andB. adolescentiswere detected in adults and in 1- and 2-year-old children, whereas negative correlations betweenB. longumandB. brevewere characteristic for newborns and 4-month-old infants. The highly structured age-related development of and correlation networks between bifidobacterial species during the first 2 years of life mirrors their different or competing nutritional requirements, which in turn may be associated with specific biological functions in the development of healthy gut.

Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Min He ◽  
Xiaoxia Liang ◽  
Kaiyu Wang ◽  
Haibo Pu ◽  
Yaodong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Histomorphological Changes ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

He, M., Liang, X., Wang, K., Pu, H., Hu, Y., Ye, G., Li, X. and Liu, L. 2015. Age-related development and histomorphological observation of bursa of Fabricius in yellow quails. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 487–491. The purpose of this study was to observe the age-related development and histomorphological changes in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) in Chinese yellow quails. One hundred and twenty Chinese yellow quails were divided into 12 groups. After dissecting, the weight, length, width and index analysis of the BF were determined, and histomorphological observation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining at different ages. The weight of the BF gradually increased with age from 0 to 5 wk, reached a peak at 5 wk (100.23±6.47), then decreased quickly from 5 to 9 wk (63.21±3.90) and decreased slowly after 9 wk (P<0.05). The length of the BF was greater at 5 wk old than at 0 wk old (11.00±2.45 vs. 5.00±1.15, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference after 5 wk of age (P>0.05). The width of the BF was similar to the length. The organ index was higher at 1 wk of age compared with 5 wk of age (1.25±0.11 vs. 0.71±0.05, P<0.05) and reached its maximum from 0 to 36 wk of age. Histomorphological analysis revealed the different development stages of the BF at different ages. We detected the age-related development of the BF in Chinese yellow quails and observed the histomorphological modifications. This study may help increase our understanding of the quail's immune system and provide a basis for immunization research in Chinese yellow quails.

The relationship between age-related development of spike-and-wave discharges and the resistance to amygdaloid kindling in rats with genetic absence epilepsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihan Çarçak ◽  
Rezzan Gülhan Aker ◽  
Osman Özdemir ◽  
Tamer Demiralp ◽  
Filiz Yılmaz Onat
Keyword(s):  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Development ◽  
The Relationship

Age-Related Development of Human Memory T-Helper and B-Cell Responses toward Parainfluenza Virus Type-1

Virology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.Suzette Smith ◽  
Allen Portner ◽  
Robert J. Leggiadro ◽  
E.Victoria Turner ◽  
Julia L. Hurwitz
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Development ◽  
B Cell Responses
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document