Treatment of Urban Areas Within A Regional Transport Model of Sulphur and Nitrogen Oxides

The serious air pollution problem has determined public concerns, worldwide. One of the main challenges for countries all over the world is caused by the elevated levels of ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations and its anthropogenic precursors. Ploiesti city, as one of the major urban area of Romania, is facing the same situation. This research aims to investigate spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of O3 in relationship with nitrogen oxides (NOx) using statistical analysis methods. Hourly O3 and NOx measurements were collected during 2014 year in Ploiesti. The results obtained showed that the ozone spatial distribution was non-normal for each month in 2014. The diurnal cycle of ground-level ozone concentrations showed a mid-day peak, while NOx diurnal variations presented 2 daily peaks, one in the morning (7:00 a.m.) and one in the afternoon (between 5:00 and 7:00 p.m.). In addition, it was observed a distinct pattern of weekly variations for O3 and NOx. Like in many other urban areas, the results indicated the presence of the �ozone weekend effect� in Ploiesti during the 2014 year, ozone concentrations being slightly higher on weekends compared to weekdays. For the same monitoring site, the nitrogen oxides were less prevalent on Saturdays and Sundays, probably due to reducing of road traffic and other pollution-generating activities on weekends than during the week.

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Nitrogen Mass Balance and Pressure Impact Model Applied to an Urban Aquifer

Water ◽

10.3390/w12041171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mitja Janža ◽

Joerg Prestor ◽

Simona Pestotnik ◽

Brigita Jamnik

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Transport Model ◽

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Impact Model ◽

Sewer System ◽

Management Measures ◽

Pressure Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

The assurance of drinking water supply is one of the biggest emerging global challenges, especially in urban areas. In this respect, groundwater and its management in the urban environment are gaining importance. This paper presents the modeling of nitrogen load from the leaky sewer system and from agriculture and the impact of this pressure on the groundwater quality (nitrate concentration) in the urban aquifer located beneath the City of Ljubljana. The estimated total nitrogen load in the model area of 58 km2 is 334 ton/year, 38% arising from the leaky sewer system and 62% from agriculture. This load was used as input into the groundwater solute transport model to simulate the distribution of nitrate concentration in the aquifer. The modeled nitrate concentrations at the observation locations were found to be on average slightly lower (2.7 mg/L) than observed, and in general reflected the observed contamination pattern. The ability of the presented model to relate and quantify the impact of pressures from different contamination sources on groundwater quality can be beneficially used for the planning and optimization of groundwater management measures for the improvement of groundwater quality.

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Re-thinking “Smart City” – transferring urban climate research into city planning processes

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9727 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joachim Fallmann ◽

Hans Schipper ◽

Stefan Emeis ◽

Marc Barra ◽

Holger Tost

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Smart City ◽

Urban Areas ◽

City Planning ◽

Transport Model ◽

Urban Climate ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Urban Greening ◽

Holistic Understanding

<p>With more and more people residing in cities globally, urban areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change. It is therefore important, that the principles of climate-resilient city planning are reflected in the planning phase already. A discussion of adaptation measures requires a holistic understanding of the complex urban environment, and necessarily has to involve cross-scale interactions, both spatially and temporally. This work examines the term &#8220;Smart City&#8221; with regard to its suitability for the definition of sustainable urban planning based on urban climate studies over the past decade and own modelling work. Existing literature is assessed from a meteorological perspective in order to answer the question how results from these studies can be linked to architectural design of future urban areas. It has been long understood that measures such as urban greening, or so-called "Nature Based Solutions", are able to dampen excess heat and help reducing energetic costs. As numerous studies show however, integrating vegetation in the urban landscape shares a double role in regional adaptation to climate change due to both cooling effect and air pollution control. Using the state-of-the-art chemical transport model MECO(n) coupled to the urban canopy parametrisation TERRA_URB, we simulated a case study for the Rhine-Main metropolitan region in Germany, highlighting mutual unwanted relationships in modern city planning. Hence, we oppose the so-called compact city approach to an urban greening scenario with regard to the potential for both heat island mitigation and air quality.</p>

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Top-Down NOX Emissions of European Cities Based on the Downwind Plume of Modelled and Space-Borne Tropospheric NO2 Columns

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18092893 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 2893 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Willem W. Verstraeten ◽

Klaas Folkert Boersma ◽

John Douros ◽

Jason E. Williams ◽

Henk Eskes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Transport Model ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Inventory Data ◽

Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽

Top Down ◽

Chemistry Transport Model ◽

European Cities ◽

Tropospheric No2

Top-down estimates of surface NOX emissions were derived for 23 European cities based on the downwind plume decay of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns from the LOTOS-EUROS (Long Term Ozone Simulation-European Ozone Simulation) chemistry transport model (CTM) and from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite retrievals, averaged for the summertime period (April–September) during 2013. Here we show that the top-down NOX emissions derived from LOTOS-EUROS for European urban areas agree well with the bottom-up NOX emissions from the MACC-III inventory data (R2 = 0.88) driving the CTM demonstrating the potential of this method. OMI top-down NOX emissions over the 23 European cities are generally lower compared with the MACC-III emissions and their correlation is slightly lower (R2 = 0.79). The uncertainty on the derived NO2 lifetimes and NOX emissions are on average ~55% for OMI and ~63% for LOTOS-EUROS data. The downwind NO2 plume method applied on both LOTOS-EUROS and OMI tropospheric NO2 columns allows to estimate NOX emissions from urban areas, demonstrating that this is a useful method for real-time updates of urban NOX emissions with reasonable accuracy.

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Introducing Satellite Data Based Biosphere Model Beams to Improve Regional Transport Model Aist-Mm for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Emission from Mega-City Tokyo

IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium ◽

10.1109/igarss.2019.8897802 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Qiao Wang ◽

Ryoichi Imasu ◽

Satoshi Ito ◽

Takahiro Sasai ◽

Hiroaki Kondo

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Satellite Data ◽

Transport Model ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Regional Transport ◽

Biosphere Model

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Towards an online-coupled chemistry-climate model: evaluation of trace gases and aerosols in COSMO-ART

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-4-1077-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1077-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

C. Knote ◽

D. Brunner ◽

H. Vogel ◽

J. Allan ◽

A. Asmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Climate Model ◽

Transport Model ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Chemistry Transport Model ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽

Phase Chemistry ◽

Aerosol Chemical Composition

Abstract. The online-coupled, regional chemistry transport model COSMO-ART is evaluated for periods in all seasons against several measurement datasets to assess its ability to represent gaseous pollutants and ambient aerosol characteristics over the European domain. Measurements used in the comparison include long-term station observations, satellite and ground-based remote sensing products, and complex datasets of aerosol chemical composition and number size distribution from recent field campaigns. This is the first time these comprehensive measurements of aerosol characteristics in Europe are used to evaluate a regional chemistry transport model. We show a detailed analysis of the simulated size-resolved chemical composition under different meteorological conditions. Mean, variability and spatial distribution of the concentrations of O3 and NOx are well reproduced. SO2 is found to be overestimated, simulated PM2.5 and PM10 levels are on average underestimated, as is AOD. We find indications of an overestimation of shipping emissions. Time evolution of aerosol chemical composition is captured, although some biases are found in relative composition. Nitrate aerosol components are on average overestimated, and sulfates underestimated. The accuracy of simulated organics depends strongly on season and location. While strongly underestimated during summer, organic mass is comparable in spring and autumn. We see indications for an overestimated fractional contribution of primary organic matter in urban areas and an underestimation of SOA at many locations. Aerosol number concentrations compare well with measurements for larger size ranges, but overestimations of particle number concentration with factors of 2–5 are found for particles smaller than 50 nm. Size distribution characteristics are often close to measurements, but show discrepancies at polluted sites. Suggestions for further improvement of the modeling system consist of the inclusion of a revised secondary organic aerosols scheme, aqueous-phase chemistry and improved aerosol boundary conditions. Our work sets the basis for subsequent studies of aerosol characteristics and climate impacts with COSMO-ART, and highlights areas where improvements are necessary for current regional modeling systems in general.

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Ground-high altitude joint detection of ozone and nitrogen oxides in urban areas of Beijing

Journal of Environmental Sciences ◽

10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60092-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 758-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pengfei Chen ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Jiannong Quan ◽

Yang Gao ◽

Delong Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

High Altitude ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Joint Detection

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Lidar observations of the regional transport and formation of aerosol fields in the background and urban areas

24th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics ◽

10.1117/12.2504551 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Grigorii P. Kokhanenko ◽

Yurii S. Balin ◽

Marina G. Klemasheva ◽

Sergei V. Nasonov ◽

Mikhail M. Novoselov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Regional Transport ◽

Lidar Observations

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Impacts of Current and Projected Oil Palm Plantation Expansion on Air Quality Over Southeast Asia

10.5194/acp-2016-158 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Sam J. Silva ◽

Colette L. Heald ◽

Jeffrey A. Geddes ◽

Kemen G. Austin ◽

Prasad S. Kasibhatla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Transport Model ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Oil Palm Plantation ◽

Deposition Velocities ◽

Current Constellation ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Over recent decades oil palm plantations have rapidly expanded across Southeast Asia (SEA). According to the United Nations, oil palm production in SEA increased by a factor of 3 from 1995 to 2010. We investigate the impacts of current (2010) and future (2020) oil palm expansion in SEA on surface-atmosphere exchange and the resulting air quality in the region. For this purpose, we use satellite data, high-resolution land maps, and the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. Relative to a no oil palm plantation scenario (~ 1990), overall simulated isoprene emissions in the region increase by 13 % due to oil palm plantations in 2010 and a further 11 % by 2020. In addition, the expansion of palm plantations leads to local increases in ozone deposition velocities of up to 20 %. The net result of these changes is that oil palm expansion in SEA increases surface O3 by up to 3.5 ppbv over dense urban regions, and could rise more than 4.5 ppbv above baseline levels by 2020. Biogenic secondary organic aerosol loadings also increase by up to 1 μg m−3 due to oil palm expansion, and could increase a further 2.5 μg m−3 by 2020. Our analysis indicates that while the impact of recent oil palm expansion on air quality in the region has been significant, the retrieval error and sensitivity of the current constellation of satellite measurements limit our ability to observe these impacts from space. Oil palm expansion is likely to continue to degrade air quality in the region in the coming decade and hinder efforts to achieve air quality regulations in major urban areas such as Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.

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