Production, Sedimentation, and Accumulation of Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen in a Sheltered Subalpine Lake

The size spectrum of particulate material in seawater can easily be expressed as total particle volume versus the logarithm of particle diameter. This appears to be the most informative way to present the data and it is also aptly suited to the classical divisions of nanno-, micro-, and macroplankton.A realistic measure of the volume of irregularly shaped particles such as phytoplankton chains could be made with a Coulter Counter. Particle volume measurements were in good agreement with estimates based on microscopic determination of particle diameter. There were also highly significant correlations between total particle volume, as indicated by the counter, and particulate carbon and nitrogen.

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Moisture effects on carbon and nitrogen emission from burning of wildland biomass

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-10-6617-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 6617-6625 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

L.-W. A. Chen ◽

P. Verburg ◽

A. Shackelford ◽

D. Zhu ◽

R. Susfalk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Burning ◽

Combustion Efficiency ◽

Fuel Moisture ◽

Particulate Carbon ◽

High Moisture ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Controlled Burning ◽

Moisture Effects ◽

Nitrogen Emission ◽

C And N

Abstract. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) released from biomass burning have multiple effects on the Earth's biogeochemical cycle, climate change, and ecosystem. These effects depend on the relative abundances of C and N species emitted, which vary with fuel type and combustion conditions. This study systematically investigates the emission characteristics of biomass burning under different fuel moisture contents, through controlled burning experiments with biomass and soil samples collected from a typical alpine forest in North America. Fuel moisture in general lowers combustion efficiency, shortens flaming phase, and introduces prolonged smoldering before ignition. It increases emission factors of incompletely oxidized C and N species, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH3). Substantial particulate carbon and nitrogen (up to 4 times C in CO and 75% of N in NH3) were also generated from high-moisture fuels, maily associated with the pre-flame smoldering. This smoldering process emits particles that are larger and contain lower elemental carbon fractions than soot agglomerates commonly observed in flaming smoke. Hydrogen (H)/C ratio and optical properties of particulate matter from the high-moisture fuels show their resemblance to plant cellulous and brown carbon, respectively. These findings have implications for modeling biomass burning emissions and impacts.

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Particulate carbon and nitrogen determinations in tracer studies: The neglected variables

Applied Radiation and Isotopes ◽

10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.06.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

pp. 14-22

Author(s):

Yves Collos ◽

Cécile Jauzein ◽

Elise Hatey

Keyword(s):

Particulate Carbon ◽

Tracer Studies ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen

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Vertical patterns of inorganic carbon and nitrogen uptake in a subalpine lake

SIL Proceedings 1922-2010 ◽

10.1080/03680770.1980.11897002 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 326-332

Author(s):

Richard P. Axler ◽

Richard M. Gersberg

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Subalpine Lake

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The Importance of Allochthonous Particulate Carbon Pathways in a Subalpine Lake

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f77-201 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 1410-1418 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

R. C. Wissmar ◽

J. E. Richey ◽

D. E. Spyridakis

Keyword(s):

Carbon Budget ◽

Particulate Carbon ◽

Allochthonous Inputs ◽

Allochthonous Carbon ◽

Subalpine Lake ◽

Lake Washington ◽

Autochthonous Production ◽

Carbon Losses ◽

Zooplankton Production ◽

Carbon Pathways

Particulate carbon pathways in subalpine Findley Lake, Washington, were examined to assess the dependence of invertebrate consumer production upon allochthonous and autochthonous carbon. Results suggest that allochthonous carbon provides a food base for insect production (6.5 kg C∙ha−1) and autochthonous production of carbon appears to maintain zooplankton production (5.0 kg C∙ha−1). Annual inputs of allochthonous carbon from snow, fluvial, and litterfall sources amounted to 75 kg C∙ha−1. Autochthonous production totaled 51 kg C∙ha−1. Most of the allochthonous inputs were lost through sedimentation (63 kg C∙ha−1) and fluvial output (15 kg C∙ha−1). In contrast, most of the autochthonous carbon losses through grazing and respiration were retained in the water column. Total allochthonous and autochthonous inputs were 126 kg C∙ha−1∙yr−1 and outputs were 114 kg C∙ha−1∙yr−1. A pelagic carbon budget did not balance by 12 kg C∙ha−1∙yr−1, a number well within the propagated variation of 26 and 21% for input and outputs, respectively. Key words: allochthonous, carbon, subalpine, lake

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VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZOOPLANKTON AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONDITIONS DURING A 24-HOUR PERIOD IN AN AMAZON FLOODPLAIN LAKE - LAGO CALADO, BRAZIL

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-439219831334475 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 13 (3-4) ◽

pp. 475-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Thomas R. Fisher ◽

◽

John M. Melack ◽

Barbara Robertson ◽

Elsa R. Hardy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Water Level ◽

Vertical Migration ◽

Floodplain Lake ◽

Particulate Carbon ◽

Crustacean Species ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Amazon Floodplain ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Chemical Conditions

Summary In May 1980 Lago Calado was 9 meters deep, the water level was rising slowly, and below 4 meters the water was anoxic. Virtually all of the zooplankton was in the oxygenated layer. Adult and juvenile Daphnia gessneri, the most abundant crustacean species, occurred between 0.5 and 4.5 meters. Copepod nauplii tended to occur nearer to the surface, in the 0—2 meter stratum. No clear vertical migration was observed. The epilimnion was undersaturated ( < 40% oxygen) and contained < 0.1 μ M phosphate, ammonium and nitrate. The hypolimnion contained substantial phosphate ( > 2 μ M) and ammonium ( > 5 μ M), but little nitrate ( < 0.1 μ. M). A peak in particulate carbon and nitrogen occurred between 4-5 meters, just below the thermocline, and was associated with a pigment maximum.

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Copepod egg production and food resources in Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9960595 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 595 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

AD McKinnon ◽

T Ayukai

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Copepod Species ◽

Particulate Carbon ◽

Production Rates ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Trophic Resources ◽

Salt Flats ◽

Parvocalanus Crassirostris ◽

Exmouth Gulf ◽

Plankton Community Structure

Measurements of plankton community structure, copepod egg production and potential copepod trophic resources were made in Exmouth Gulf, north-westem Australia. Egg production rates by four of the dominant copepod species-Acartia fossae, Parvocalanus crassirostris, Oithona attenuata and O. simplex-were measured by bottle incubations and the egg-ratio technique. Plankton abundance and biomass did not differ greatly within the gulf; however, highest values of chlorophyll a, particulate carbon and nitrogen, and copepod egg production rates occurred in the south-east of the gulf. Though egg production rates were low and apparently severely food-limited, resuspension of bottom sediments or export of material from adjacent salt flats may fuel production in shallow inshore areas of the gulf. P. crassirostris appeared to be omnivorous and O. attenuata primarily herbivorous, but the trophic resources used by O. simplex and A. fossae could not be identified. From the egg production data, it was calculated that adult females of the four dominant copepod species graze 12% of the total particulate carbon each day.

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The contribution of microorganisms to particulate carbon and nitrogen in surface waters of the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers ◽

10.1016/0967-0637(95)00027-4 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 943-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

D.A. Caron ◽

H.G. Dam ◽

P. Kremer ◽

E.J. Lessard ◽

L.P. Madin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Sargasso Sea ◽

Particulate Carbon ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen

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Suspended Organic Matter in the Tasman Sea

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9630155 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 155 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Pont G Dal ◽

B Newell

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Particulate Material ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Particulate Carbon ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Hydrological Structure ◽

Tasman Sea ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Content ◽

The Vertical Distribution

Samples of particulate material were collected down to 4500 m at a station in the Tasman Sea. The material was analysed for its carbon and nitrogen content. Determinations of total organic phosphorus were also made on water samples collected at the same depths. Some 400 g of carbon were found under 1 m² of sea surface, and the vertical distribution of particulate carbon, nitrogen, and organic phosphorus was closely related to the hydrological structure.

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