scholarly journals Investigation of Mixing Behavior of Hydrogen Blended to Natural Gas in Gas Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4255
Author(s):  
Mingmin Kong ◽  
Shuaiming Feng ◽  
Qi Xia ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Zhouxin Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Torsion Angle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Gas Mixing ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Mixing Performance ◽  
Mixing Behavior

Hydrogen is of great significance for replacing fossil fuels and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The application of hydrogen mixing with natural gas in gas network transportation not only improves the utilization rate of hydrogen energy, but also reduces the cost of large-scale updating household or commercial appliance. This paper investigates the necessity of a gas mixing device for adding hydrogen to existing natural gas pipelines in the industrial gas network. A three-dimensional helical static mixer model is developed to simulate the mixing behavior of the gas mixture. In addition, the model is validated with experimental results. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of mixer on the mixing performance including the coefficient of variation (COV) and pressure loss. The research results show that, based on the, the optimum number of mixing units is three. The arrangement of the torsion angle of the mixing unit has a greater impact on the COV. When the torsion angle θ = 120°, the COV has a minimum value of 0.66%, and when the torsion angle θ = 60°, the COV has a maximum value of 8.54%. The distance of the mixing unit has little effect on the pressure loss of the mixed gas but has a greater impact on the COV. Consecutive arrangement of the mixing units (Case A) is the best solution. Increasing the distance of the mixing unit is not effective for the gas mixing effect. Last but not least, the gas mixer is optimized to improve the mixing performance.

scholarly journals A performance-based tabular approach for joint systematic improvement of risk control and resilience applied to telecommunication grid, gas network, and ultrasound localization system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Häring ◽  
Mirjam Fehling-Kaschek ◽  
Natalie Miller ◽  
Katja Faist ◽  
Sebastian Ganter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
System Development ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
System Level ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Ultrasound Localization ◽  
Systematic Improvement ◽  
Resilience Assessment

AbstractOrganizational and technical approaches have proven successful in increasing the performance and preventing risks at socio-technical systems at all scales. Nevertheless, damaging events are often unavoidable due to a wide and dynamic threat landscape and enabled by the increasing complexity of modern systems. For overall performance and risk control at the system level, resilience can be a versatile option, in particular for reducing resources needed for system development, maintenance, reuse, or disposal. This paper presents a framework for a resilience assessment and management process that builds on existing risk management practice before, during, and after potential and real events. It leverages tabular and matrix correlation methods similar as standardized in the field of risk analysis to fulfill the step-wise resilience assessment and management for critical functions of complex systems. We present data needs for the method implementation and output generation, in particular regarding the assessment of threats and the effects of counter measures. Also included is a discussion of how the results contribute to the advancement of functional risk control and resilience enhancement at system level as well as related practical implications for its efficient implementation. The approach is applied in the domains telecommunication, gas networks, and indoor localization systems. Results and implications are further discussed.

Security region of natural gas network in electricity-gas integrated energy system

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 105601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Guoda Tian ◽  
Qingxin Shi ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Fangxing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Natural Gas Network ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
Security Region

scholarly journals Nonlinear Steady-State Optimization of Large-Scale Gas Transmission Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2832
Author(s):  
Andrzej J. Osiadacz ◽  
Małgorzata Kwestarz
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Sqp Method ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Compressor Power

The major optimization problem of the gas transmission system is to determine how to operate the compressors in a network to deliver a given flow within the pressure bounds while using minimum compressor power (minimum fuel consumption or maximum network efficiency). Minimization of fuel usage is a major objective to control gas transmission costs. This is one of the problems that has received most of the attention from both practitioners and researchers because of its economic impact. The article describes the algorithm of steady-state optimization of a high-pressure gas network of any structure that minimizes the operating cost of compressors. The developed algorithm uses the “sequential quadratic programming (SQP)” method. The tests carried out on the real network segment confirmed the correctness of the developed algorithm and, at the same time, proved its computational efficiency. Computational results obtained with the SQP method demonstrate the viability of this approach.

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