Effects and Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen for Europe

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Bobbink ◽  
Hilde Tomassen ◽  
Maaike Weijters ◽  
Leon van den Berg ◽  
Joachim Strengbom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Loads

An introduction to critical loads

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Critical Loads

scholarly journals Investigation of Nanogrids for Improved Navy Installation Energy Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4298
Author(s):  
Alissa Kain ◽  
Douglas L. Van Bossuyt ◽  
Anthony Pollman
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
The Military

Military bases perform important national security missions. In order to perform these missions, specific electrical energy loads must have continuous, uninterrupted power even during terrorist attacks, adversary action, natural disasters, and other threats of specific interest to the military. While many global military bases have established microgrids that can maintain base operations and power critical loads during grid disconnect events where outside power is unavailable, many potential threats can cause microgrids to fail and shed critical loads. Nanogrids are of specific interest because they have the potential to protect individual critical loads in the event of microgrid failure. We present a systems engineering methodology that analyzes potential nanogrid configurations to understand which configurations may improve energy resilience and by how much for critical loads from a national security perspective. This then allows targeted deployment of nanogrids within existing microgrid infrastructures. A case study of a small military base with an existing microgrid is presented to demonstrate the potential of the methodology to help base energy managers understand which options are preferable and justify implementing nanogrids to improve energy resilience.

Critical loads and their exceedances at intensive forest monitoring sites in Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lorenz ◽  
Hans-Dieter Nagel ◽  
Oliver Granke ◽  
Philipp Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Critical Loads ◽  
Forest Monitoring

scholarly journals Assessing the costs and environmental benefits of IMO regulations of ship-originated SOx and NOx emissions in the Baltic Sea

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Repka ◽  
Anne Erkkilä-Välimäki ◽  
Jan Eiof Jonson ◽  
Maximilian Posch ◽  
Janne Törrönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Impacts ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Emission Regulation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

AbstractTo assess the value of the environmental benefits of the Sulphur Emission regulation (SECA) that came into force in 2015, changes in depositions of SOx and NOx from ship exhaust gas emissions were modelled and monetized for the Baltic Sea region for the years 2014 and 2016. During this period, the total deposition of SOx in the study area decreased by 7.3%. The decrease in ship-originated SOx deposition from 38 kt to 3.4 kt (by over 88%) was translated into a monetary value for the ecosystem impacts of nearly 130 million USD, according to the EcoValue08 model. This is less than the modelled health benefits, but it is not insignificant. For NOx, there was no decreasing trend. The exceedance of the critical loads of SOx and NOx was also estimated. The effect of Baltic shipping on the exceedance of critical loads of acidification after SECA is very small, but Baltic shipping still has a considerable effect on the exceedance of critical loads for eutrophication.

Extensive Estimate of Nitrogen Budget and Critical Loads at the Scale of a Semi-Arid Tropical Grazed Site (Dahra, Senegal)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Delon ◽  
Corinne Galy-Lacaux ◽  
Blandine Barret ◽  
Ousmane Ndiaye ◽  
Dominique Serça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Loads ◽  
Nitrogen Budget ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Evaluation Method of Distribution Network Resilience Focusing on Critical Loads

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61633-61639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diansheng Luo ◽  
Yongwei Xia ◽  
Yuanyuan Zeng ◽  
Canbing Li ◽  
Bin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Loads ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Network Resilience

Development of the Critical Loads Concept and Current and Potential Applications to Different Regions of the World

2014 ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Hettelingh ◽  
Wim de Vries ◽  
Maximilian Posch ◽  
Gert Jan Reinds ◽  
Jaap Slootweg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Loads ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Applications

Determination of the upper critical loads for cylindrical shells by nonlinear theory

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Dlugach ◽  
A. S. Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Theory ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Cylindrical Shells
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