Simulation of Rural Vehicle Emissions Using Instantaneous Emission Model

2017 ◽  
pp. 577-585
Author(s):  
Lijun Hao ◽  
Peng Yue ◽  
Xin Nie ◽  
Jianwei Tan ◽  
Yunshan Ge
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Emission Model

scholarly journals A Model Tree-Based Vehicle Emission Model at Freeway Toll Plazas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8959
Author(s):  
Yueru Xu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
Zhuoqun Sun ◽  
Zhirui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Model Tree ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Toll Collection

With the increased concern over sustainable development, many efforts have been made to alleviate air quality deterioration. Freeway toll plazas can cause serious pollution, due to the increased emissions caused by stop-and-go operations. Different toll collections and different fuel types obviously influence the vehicle emissions at freeway toll plazas. Therefore, this paper proposes a model tree-based vehicle emission model by considering these factors. On-road emissions data and vehicle operation data were obtained from two different freeway toll plazas. The statistical analysis indicates that different methods of toll collection and fuel types have significant impacts on vehicle emissions at freeway toll plazas. The performance of the proposed model was compared with a polynomial regression method. Based on the results, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of the proposed model were all smaller, while the R-squared value increased from 0.714 to 0.833. Finally, the variations of vehicle emissions at different locations of freeway toll plazas were calculated and shown in heat maps. The results of this study can help better estimate the vehicle emissions and give advice to the development of electronic toll collection (ETC) lanes and relevant policies at freeway toll plazas.

Estimating Vehicular Emission Impact of Nighttime Construction with VISSIM and Different MOVES Emission Estimation Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (25) ◽  
pp. 174-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyi Gu ◽  
Reza Farzaneh ◽  
Geza Pesti ◽  
Gabriel Valdez ◽  
Andrew Birt
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nighttime Construction

Shifting work zones from daytime to nighttime is a potential solution to air quality issues on roadway with high traffic volume and where it is undesirable to close lanes during peak hours. The expected benefit of such shifting is to reduce total fuel consumption and on-road vehicle emissions. However, the magnitude of emission reductions and air quality impacts has not been examined comprehensively at work zones. The study presented in this paper investigated the traffic-related emission impacts of work zones using an urban freeway case study. A VISSIM test bed combined with the Environmental Protection Agency’s MOVES emission model was used to estimate total emissions assuming daytime and nighttime lane-closure scenarios. Vehicle emissions were estimated using a link-based method and operating mode-based method. The results from both methods demonstrated that nighttime construction has a significant impact on both traffic speeds and vehicle emissions, primarily as a result of reductions in vehicle miles traveled. In addition, a horizontal comparison between the results from the two methods was made to assess the impact of different emission estimation approaches. The outcomes from the comparison highlight the potential importance of the operating mode-based approach for accurately estimate total traffic emission quantities when data or simulations are available.

scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Emission Modeling and Software Simulation Computing for Roundabout in Urban City

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Haiwei Wang ◽  
Huiying Wen ◽  
Feng You ◽  
Jianmin Xu ◽  
Hailin Kui
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Total Vehicle

In urban road traffic systems, roundabout is considered as one of the core traffic bottlenecks, which are also a core impact of vehicle emission and city environment. In this paper, we proposed a transport control and management method for solving traffic jam and reducing emission in roundabout. The platform of motor vehicle testing system and VSP-based emission model was established firstly. By using the topology chart of the roundabout and microsimulation software, we calculated the instantaneous emission rates of different vehicle and total vehicle emissions. We argued that Integration-Model, combing traffic simulation and vehicle emission, can be performed to calculate the instantaneous emission rates of different vehicle and total vehicle emissions at the roundabout. By contrasting the exhaust emissions result between no signal control and signal control in this area at the rush hour, it draws a conclusion that setting the optimizing signal control can effectively reduce the regional vehicle emission. The proposed approach has been submitted to a simulation and experiment that involved an environmental assessment in Satellite Square, a roundabout in medium city located in China. It has been verified that setting signal control with knowledge engineering and Integration-Model is a practical way for solving the traffic jams and environmental pollution.

Using GPS Technology to Relate Macroscopic and Microscopic Traffic Parameters

1996 ◽  
Vol 1520 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Barth ◽  
Eric Johnston ◽  
Ramakrishna R. Tadi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Freeway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Sensors ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
Emission Models

Traffic congestion on today's freeways is a serious problem, causing significant delays for both passengers and goods. Freeway traffic congestion also results in increased vehicle emissions; however, this increase has not been quantified using current vehicle emission models. Current models use emission factors based on driving cycles that do not properly represent freeway driving characteristics. This paper presents a new methodology for relating the macroscopic speed, flow, and density parameters measured by traffic sensors with statistics of microscopic driving traces under different levels of congestion. This approach can be used to better estimate freeway emissions when combined with an appropriate modal emissions model. Preliminary experimentation has been carried out with a vehicle equipped with global positioning system (GPS) instrumentation, allowing for precise localization in both space and time. With the GPS, second-by-second velocity traces are acquired and matched with simultaneously measured freeway traffic data obtained by embedded traffic sensors. Statistical measures of velocity variation are derived from the velocity traces and are functionally related to the macroscopic traffic parameters of speed, flow, and density. Given a known distribution of vehicle types, models, and model years, vehicle emissions can be related to these statistical measures of velocity variation using a modal emission model, and, thus given speed-flow-density measures of freeway traffic, localized emissions estimates can be made.

scholarly journals Estimation and Analysis of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions at Signalized Intersections Using a Car-Following Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Zhao ◽  
Ruichun He ◽  
Xiaoyan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Car Following Model

A signalized intersection is a high fuel consumption and high emission node of a traffic network. It is necessary to study the emission characteristics of vehicles at signalized intersections in order to reduce vehicle emissions. In this study, the combination of a car-following model and the vehicle specific power emission model was used to estimate the vehicle emissions, including the CO2, CO, HC, and nitric oxide (NOX) emissions, at unsaturated signalized intersections. The results of simulations show that, under the influence of the signal light, the substantial changes in a vehicle’s trajectory increase the CO2, CO, HC, and NOX emissions. The CO2, CO, HC, and NOX emissions from vehicles at signalized intersections were further analyzed in terms of signal timing, vehicle arrival rate, traffic interference, and road section speed. The results show that an increase in the signal cycle, the vehicle arrival rate, and the traffic interference amplitude result in increases in the CO2, CO, HC, and NOX emissions per vehicle at the intersection inbound approach, and an increase in the green signal ratio and the vehicle road section speed within a specified range has a positive significance for reducing the CO2, CO, HC, and NOX emissions of vehicles in the study range. The proposed method can be flexibly applied to the analysis of vehicle emissions at unsaturated signalized intersections. The obtained results provide a reference for the control and management of signalized intersections.

Relationship between On-Road Vehicle Emissions and Gear Switching

ICTE 2011 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kairan Zhang ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Guofang Li ◽  
Zhihui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Road Vehicle

Groundwater protection and diffuse nitrogen emissions to surface waters – which catchment areas have to be considered?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
C. Schilling ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
A.P. Blaschke ◽  
D. Gutknecht ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Catchment Areas

Two Austrian case study regions within the Danube basin have been selected for detailed investigations of groundwater and surface water quality at the catchment scale. Water balance calculations have been performed using the conceptual continuous time SWAT 2000 model to characterise catchment hydrology and to identify individual runoff components contributing to river discharge. Nitrogen emission calculations have been performed using the empirical emission model MONERIS to relate individual runoff components to specific nitrogen emissions and for the quantification of total nitrogen emissions to surface waters. Calculated total nitrogen emissions to surface waters using the MONERIS model were significantly influenced by hydrological conditions. For both catchments the groundwater could be identified as major emission pathway of nitrogen emissions to the surface waters. Since most of the nitrogen is emitted by groundwater to the surface water, denitrification in groundwater is of considerable importance reducing nitrogen levels in groundwater along the flow path towards the surface water. An approach was adopted for the grid-oriented estimation of diffuse nitrogen emissions based on calculated groundwater residence time distributions. Denitrification in groundwater was considered using a half life time approach. It could be shown that more than 90% of the total diffuse nitrogen emissions were contributed by areas with low groundwater residence times and short distances to the surface water. Thus, managing diffuse nitrogen emissions the location of catchment areas has to be considered as well as hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, which significantly influence denitrification in the groundwater and reduce nitrogen levels in groundwater on the flow path towards the surface water.

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