Disorders of Formation of Upper Limbs

In the process of evolution from quadrupeds to bipeds, the forelimbs developed into upper limbs. In quadrupeds they serve the purpose of weight bearing and attack. In bipeds they serve fine functions, holding an object, attack and defense. It has been estimated by research group that the hand performs approximately thousand different functions in an ordinary day today’s activity. Apabahuka is one such disease which hampers most of the foresaid functions of the hand. Although any of the classics do not mention about the Shoola as a Laxana of Apabahuka, it still is a feature practically seen in Avabahuka patients. Chikitsa Sara Sangraha and Nidana Sara, clearly mentions about Svedana as a predominant Laxana of Avabahuka, along with other Laxana. It is often said that ‘the pain is often severe enough to disturb the sleep’. Amsa Marma is primarily involved in Avabahuka, it is a Snayu Marma and one of Vaikalyakara Marma, any trauma to this will produce disability or deformity of the shoulder joint. Management of pain is facilitated by Marma Chikitsa i.e. Nidana Parivarjana, Abhyanga, Swedana, Uttarabhaktika Snehapana, Vata Hara Oushadha Sevana, Marmabhighata Chikitsa, Brumhana, Nasya, Lepa, Seka, Nasya, Nasaapaana, Agnikarma, Siravyadha, etc.

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Spinal Cord Stimulation for Relief of Chronic Pain in Vasospastic Disorders of the Upper Limbs

Survey of Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00132586-198910000-00042 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 312

Author(s):

F. J. ROBAINA ◽

M. DOMINGUEZ ◽

M. DIAZ ◽

J. L. RODRIGUEZ ◽

J. A. DE VERA

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽

Upper Limbs

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Arterial Digital Pulse Photoplethysmography in Patients with Suspected Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Study of the “Ca+Pra” Maneuver

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11061128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1128

Author(s):

Jeanne Hersant ◽

Pierre Ramondou ◽

Francine Thouveny ◽

Mickael Daligault ◽

Mathieu Feuilloy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ◽

Pulse Amplitude ◽

Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Digital Pulse ◽

Arterial Inflow ◽

Receiver Operating

The level of pulse amplitude (PA) change in arterial digital pulse plethysmography (A-PPG) that should be used to diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is debated. We hypothesized that a modification of the Roos test (by moving the arms forward, mimicking a prayer position (“Pra”)) releasing an eventual compression that occurs in the surrender/candlestick position (“Ca”) would facilitate interpretation of A-PPG results. In 52 subjects, we determined the optimal PA change from rest to predict compression at imaging (ultrasonography +/− angiography) with receiver operating characteristics (ROC). “Pra”-PA was set as 100%, and PA was expressed in normalized amplitude (NA) units. Imaging found arterial compression in 23 upper limbs. The area under ROC was 0.765 ± 0.065 (p < 0.0001), resulting in a 91.4% sensitivity and a 60.9% specificity for an increase of fewer than 3 NA from rest during “Ca”, while results were 17.4% and 98.8%, respectively, for the 75% PA decrease previously proposed in the literature. A-PPG during a “Ca+Pra” test provides demonstrable proof of inflow impairment and increases the sensitivity of A-PPG for the detection of arterial compression as determined by imaging. The absence of an increase in PA during the “Ca” phase of the “Ca+Pra” maneuver should be considered indicative of arterial inflow impairment.

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Development of 3D Exergame for Upper Limbs Rehabilitation Using Leap Motion Controller and Unity

2020 International Conference on Assistive and Rehabilitation Technologies (iCareTech) ◽

10.1109/icaretech49914.2020.00011 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Alnajjar ◽

Abdalrahman Abutabikh ◽

Ahmed Issa ◽

Mojca Debeljak ◽

Imre Cikajlo

Keyword(s):

Leap Motion ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Motion Controller ◽

Leap Motion Controller

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Upper limbs cycle ergometer increases muscle strength, trunk control and independence of acute stroke subjects: A randomized clinical trial

Neurorehabilitation ◽

10.3233/nre-210022 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Douglas Rafael da Rosa Pinheiro ◽

Maria Eduarda Parcianello Cabeleira ◽

Luigi Antonio da Campo ◽

Laís Andrielli Ferreira Gattino ◽

Kellen Sábio de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Trunk Control ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Conventional Physiotherapy

BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrate the benefits of upper limbs cycle ergometer (ULCE) in subacute and chronic stroke subjects, but the literature still needs to explore the acute phase of the disease. OBJECTIVE: Verify the effects of ULCE on muscular strength, trunk control and independence of post-stroke subjects in hospital acute phase. METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial participants were allocated into two groups. The control group (CG) performed two daily sessions of conventional physiotherapy, while the intervention group (IG) had one daily session of conventional physiotherapy and one of ULCE. The interventions were carried out for 20 minutes for five days. Both groups were assessed before and after the treatment for upper limbs strength by manual dynamometer, trunk control by Trunk Impairment Scale and level of independence by the Modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS: Twenty subjects with mean ages of 63.5±4.5 were enrolled. There was a significant intra-group difference of palmar grip, shoulder abductors, elbow flexor and wrist extensor strength, trunk control and functional independence only in IG. Inter-group difference for all variables showed superiority in IG. CONCLUSIONS: ULCE is an effective device for increasing muscle strength, trunk control and consequently improving the independence of post-stroke subjects in the acute hospital phase.

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