Evaluation of the SWAT Model for Analysing the Water Balance Components for the Upper Sabarmati Basin

The Brazilian East coast was intensely affected by deforestation, which drastically cut back the original biome. The possible impacts of this process on water resources are still unknown. The purpose of this study was an evaluation of the impacts of deforestation on the main water balance components of the Galo creek watershed, in the State of Espírito Santo, on the East coast of Brazil. Considering the real conditions of the watershed, the SWAT model was calibrated with data from 1997 to 2000 and validated for the period between 2001 and 2003. The calibration and validation processes were evaluated by the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient and by the statistical parameters (determination coefficient, slope coefficient and F test) of the regression model adjusted for estimated and measured flow data. After calibration and validation of the model, new simulations were carried out for three different land use scenarios: a scenario in compliance with the law (C1), assuming the preservation of PPAs (permanent preservation areas); an optimistic scenario (C2), which considers the watershed to be almost entirely covered by native vegetation; and a pessimistic scenario (C3), in which the watershed would be almost entirely covered by pasture. The scenarios C1, C2 and C3 represent a soil cover of native forest of 76, 97 and 0 %, respectively. The results were compared with the simulation, considering the real scenario (C0) with 54 % forest cover. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.65 and 0.70 for calibration and validation, respectively, indicating satisfactory results in the flow simulation. A mean reduction of 10 % of the native forest cover would cause a mean annual increase of approximately 11.5 mm in total runoff at the watershed outlet. Reforestation would ensure minimum flows in the dry period and regulate the maximum flow of the main watercourse of the watershed.

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Impact of Coastal Wetland Restoration Plan on the Water Balance Components of Heeia Watershed, Hawaii

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology7040086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Kariem A. Ghazal ◽

Olkeba Tolessa Leta ◽

Aly I. El-Kadi ◽

Henrietta Dulai

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Wetland Restoration ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Coastal Wetland ◽

Swat Model ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Sustainable Growth ◽

Water Diversion ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

California Grassland

Optimal restoration and management of coastal wetland are contingent on reliable assessment of hydrological processes. In this study, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to assess the impacts of a proposed coastal wetland restoration plan on the water balance components of the Heeia watershed (Hawaii). There is a need to optimize between water needs for taro cultivation and accompanying cultural practices, wetland ecosystem services, and streamflow that feeds downstream coastal fishponds and reefs of the Heeia watershed. For this, we completed two land use change scenarios (conversion of an existing California grassland to a proposed taro field and mangroves to a pond in the wetland area) with several irrigation water diversion scenarios at different percent of minimum streamflow values in the reach. The irrigation water diversion scenarios aimed at achieving sustainable growth of the taro crop without compromising streamflow value, which plays a vital role in the health of a downstream fishpond and coastal environment of the watershed. Findings generally suggest that the conversion of a California grassland to a patched taro field is expected to decrease the baseflow value, which was a major source of streamflow for the study area, due to soil layer compaction, and thus decrease in groundwater recharge from the taro field. However, various taro irrigation water application and management scenarios suggested that diverting 50% of the minimum streamflow value for taro field would provide sustainable growth of taro crop without compromising streamflow value and environmental health of the coastal wetland and downstream fishponds.

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A Catchment Scale Assessment of Water Balance Components: A Case Study of Chittar Catchment in South India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-954410/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dinagarapandi Pandi ◽

Saravanan Kothandaraman ◽

K S Kasiviswanathan ◽

Mohan Kuppusamy

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Moving Average ◽

Swat Model ◽

Meteorological Variables ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Time Interval ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

Management And Development

Abstract Analyzing the Water Balance Components (WBCs) of catchment help in assessing the water resources for their sustainable management and development. This paper used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model mainly to analyze the variation in the WBCs through the change in the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) and meteorological variables. For this purpose, the model used the inputs of LULC and meteorological variables between the year 2001-2020 at five year and daily time interval respectively from the Chittar river catchment. The developed models were evaluated using SWAT-CUP split-up procedure (pre-calibration and post-calibration). The model was found to be good in calibration and validation, yielding the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.94 and 0.81 respectively. Furthermore, WBCs of the catchment were estimated for the near future (2021 - 2030) at monthly and annual scale. For this endeavour, LULC was forecasted for the year 2021 and 2026 using Celluar Automata (CA)-ANN and for the same period meteorological variables were also forecasted using the smoothing moving average method from the historical data.

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Analysis of Water Balance Components and Parameter Uncertainties Based on SWAT Model with CMADS Data and SUFI-2 Algorithm in Huangbaihe River Catchment, China

Nature Environment and Pollution Technology ◽

10.46488/nept.2020.v19i02.018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (02) ◽

pp. 637-650

Author(s):

Huijuan Bo ◽

Xiaohua Dong ◽

Zhonghua Li ◽

Gebrehiwet Reta ◽

Lu li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Swat Model ◽

Parameter Uncertainties ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

River Catchment

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Assessing the Effects of Snowmelt Dynamics on Streamflow and Water Balance Components in an Eastern Himalayan River Basin Using SWAT Model

Environmental Modeling & Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10666-020-09716-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 861-883

Author(s):

Ngahorza Chiphang ◽

Arnab Bandyopadhyay ◽

Aditi Bhadra

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

River Basin ◽

Swat Model ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

Himalayan River

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Evaluation of the CRU TS3.1, APHRODITE_V1101, and CFSR Datasets in Assessing Water Balance Components in the Upper Vakhsh River Basin in Central Asia

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12101334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1334

Author(s):

Aminjon Gulakhmadov ◽

Xi Chen ◽

Manuchekhr Gulakhmadov ◽

Zainalobudin Kobuliev ◽

Nekruz Gulahmadov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Central Asia ◽

Observational Data ◽

River Basin ◽

Hydrological Modeling ◽

Swat Model ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Climatic Research Unit ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

Monthly Streamflow

In this study, the applicability of three gridded datasets was evaluated (Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time Series (TS) 3.1, “Asian Precipitation—Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward the Evaluation of Water Resources” (APHRODITE)_V1101, and the climate forecast system reanalysis dataset (CFSR)) in different combinations against observational data for predicting the hydrology of the Upper Vakhsh River Basin (UVRB) in Central Asia. Water balance components were computed, the results calibrated with the SUFI-2 approach using the calibration of soil and water assessment tool models (SWAT–CUP) program, and the performance of the model was evaluated. Streamflow simulation using the SWAT model in the UVRB was more sensitive to five parameters (ALPHA_BF, SOL_BD, CN2, CH_K2, and RCHRG_DP). The simulation for calibration, validation, and overall scales showed an acceptable correlation between the observed and simulated monthly streamflow for all combination datasets. The coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) showed “excellent” and “good” values for all datasets. Based on the R2 and NSE from the “excellent” down to “good” datasets, the values were 0.91 and 0.92 using the observational datasets, CRU TS3.1 (0.90 and 0.90), APHRODITE_V1101+CRU TS3.1 (0.74 and 0.76), APHRODITE_V1101+CFSR (0.72 and 0.78), and CFSR (0.67 and 0.74) for the overall scale (1982–2006). The mean annual evapotranspiration values from the UVRB were about 9.93% (APHRODITE_V1101+CFSR), 25.52% (APHRODITE_V1101+CRU TS3.1), 2.9% (CFSR), 21.08% (CRU TS3.1), and 27.28% (observational datasets) of annual precipitation (186.3 mm, 315.7 mm, 72.1 mm, 256.4 mm, and 299.7 mm, out of 1875.9 mm, 1236.9 mm, 2479 mm, 1215.9 mm, and 1098.5 mm). The contributions of the snowmelt to annual runoff were about 81.06% (APHRODITE_V1101+CFSR), 63.12% (APHRODITE_V1101+CRU TS3.1), 82.79% (CFSR), 81.66% (CRU TS3.1), and 67.67% (observational datasets), and the contributions of rain to the annual flow were about 18.94%, 36.88%, 17.21%, 18.34%, and 32.33%, respectively, for the overall scale. We found that gridded climate datasets can be used as an alternative source for hydrological modeling in the Upper Vakhsh River Basin in Central Asia, especially in scarce-observation regions. Water balance components, simulated by the SWAT model, provided a baseline understanding of the hydrological processes through which water management issues can be dealt with in the basin.

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Runoff simulation by SWAT model using high-resolution gridded precipitation in the upper Heihe River Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

10.5194/hess-2016-594 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hongwei Ruan ◽

Songbing Zou ◽

Zhentao Cong ◽

Yuhan Wang ◽

Zhenliang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Water Balance ◽

Swat Model ◽

Lapse Rate ◽

Scale Transformation ◽

Water Yield ◽

Heihe River ◽

Distributed Hydrological Model ◽

Runoff Simulation ◽

Water Balance Components

Abstract. Precipitation stations are usually scarce and unevenly distributed in inland river basins, which restrict the application of the distributed hydrological model and spatial analysis of water balance component characteristics. This study regards the upper Heihe River Basin as a case, and daily gridded precipitation data with 3 km resolutions based on the spatial interpolation of gauged stations and the regional climate model is used to construct the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). This study aims to validate the superiority of high-resolution gridded precipitation for hydrological simulation in data scarce regions. A scale transformation method is proposed by building virtual stations and calculating the lapse rate to overcome the defects of the SWAT model using traditional precipitation station data. The gridded precipitation is upscale from the grid to the sub-basin scale and results in accurate representation of sub-basin precipitation input data. A satisfactory runoff simulation is achieved, and the spatial variability of the water balance components is analysed. Results show that the precipitation lapse rate ranges from 40 mm/km to 235 mm/km and decreases from the southeastern to the northwestern areas; its changes trend is consistent with precipitation. The SWAT model achieves monthly runoff simulation compared with gauged runoff from 2000 to 2014; the determination coefficients are higher than 0.71, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies are higher than 0.76 and the percent bias are controlled within ±15 %. The meadow and sparse vegetation are the major water yield landscapes, and the elevation band at 3,500 m to 4,500 m is the major water yield area in this basin. Precipitation and evapotranspiration presented a slightly increasing trend, whereas water yield and soil water content presented a slightly decreasing trend. This finding indicates that the high-resolution gridded precipitation data well depicts its spatial heterogeneity, and scale transformation significantly promotes the application of the distributed hydrological model in inland river basins. The spatial variability of water balance components can be quantified to provide references for the integrated assessment and management of basin water resources in data scarce regions.

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Estimation of Water Balance Components of Watersheds in the Manjira River Basin using SWAT Model and GIS

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.c6431.029320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 3898-3907

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

River Basin ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Swat Model ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Weather Data ◽

Water Yield ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

Rain Data

This study mainly focus on hydrological behavior of watersheds in The Manjira River basin using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) and Geographical information system (GIS). The water balance components for watersheds in the Manjira River were determined by using SWAT model and GIS. Determination of these water balance components helps to study direct and indirect factors affecting characteristics of selected watersheds. Manjira River contains total 28 watersheds among them 2 were selected having watershed code as MNJR008 and MNJR011 specified by the Central Ground Water Board. The SWAT input data such as Digital elevation model (DEM), land use and land cover (LU/LC), Soil classification, slope and weather data was collected. Using these inputs in SWAT the different water balancing components such as rainfall, baseflow, surface runoff, evapotranspiration (ET), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and water yield for each watershed were determined. The evaluated data is then validated by Regression analysis, in which two datasets were compared. Simulated rain data from SWAT simulation and observed rain data from Global Weather Data for SWAT was selected for comparison for each watershed.

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