Coupling Analysis of the Thermal Environment and Spatial Form Unit in Xinjiekou Central Area

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-126
Author(s):  
Junyan Yang ◽  
Xing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Coupling Analysis

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Urban Morphological Indices on the Urban Thermal Environment of Zhengzhou, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Xuefan Zhou ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Residential District ◽  
Plot Ratio ◽  
Urban Thermal Environment ◽  
Urban Microclimates

Summer extreme high-temperatures occur frequently in large cities; urban spatial form is the primary factor affecting the urban thermal environment. Thus, planning and arranging urban spaces is a key approach to regulating urban microclimates. Studies into how urban spatial forms influence the formation of urban microclimates have been carried out for multiple cities in warm and hot regions; however, few studies of this kind have been carried out for cities in cold regions. In this study, we analyze Zhengzhou, a city located in a cold region of China, using summer 2017 measurement data to determine why high temperatures develop in cold areas. We investigated how temperature and humidity vary during the morning, at noon, and in the evening given different land use properties (commercial and residential) and different spatial forms (building height, building density, green coverage rate, and plot ratio); we then studied the correlation between urban spatial form and the urban thermal environment. Our research results indicate that the commercial district’s thermal microclimate was related to PR and BH in the afternoon and GCR in the morning and at night. In the residential district, the key urban morphology factors related to its thermal microclimates were BD, PR, and GCR during almost the whole day.

scholarly journals Thermal-comfort evaluation of and plan for public space of Maling Village, Henan, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256439
Author(s):  
Qindong Fan ◽  
Fengtian Du ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Chenming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
The Village ◽  
Microclimate Environment

The thermal environment of village public space affects the comfort of people ’ s outdoor activities, and then affects the willingness of residents to outdoor activities, which has an important impact on the villagers’ quality of life. Previously published studies of thermal comfort mostly focused on the evaluation of thermal comfort index, few studies on the application of thermal comfort planning. The study was carried out in Maling Village, Changdai Town, Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China. Square, street, green space were chosen as three typical public spaces where thermal comfort indexes were measured by questionnaire survey and field measurement during summer. Subsequently, the village’s microclimate environment was simulated with ArcGIS 10.6 and ENVI-met. The results indicate that during the summer, the influences of temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity on the subjective comfort conditions of the outdoor environment gradually decreased. The spatial form of village has an important influence on thermal comfort. Finally, based on the results, this study put forward the thermal comfort process and planning scheme of the village outdoor space.

scholarly journals Mobile Observation of Air Temperature and Humidity Distributions under Summer Sea Breezes in the Central Area of Osaka City

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Atsumasa Yoshida ◽  
Ryusuke Yasuda ◽  
Shinichi Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Sea Breezes ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
The Mean

Thermal environment of urban areas in the summertime has become harmful to human health due to global warming and the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Mobile observations enable us to obtain the distribution of air temperature at microscale, such as urban blocks, which cannot be captured by the coarse network of meteorological sites. A series of mobile measurements was executed in the central area of Osaka City in Japan, around the Nakanoshima district which lies between two rivers, to investigate the air temperature and humidity distributions in a built-up area under sea breeze conditions. Upper wind and surface temperature of the rivers were also observed using pilot balloons and infrared thermography camera, respectively. The mean air temperature in Nakanoshima was generally lower than that of the surrounding area. Urban geometries such as building density and building height seem to affect the mean air temperature by changing the ventilation efficiency. Humidity was inversely correlated with air temperature distribution but was higher at the confluence of rivers and green parks. The depth of the sea breeze layer was found to be about 1 km. Sea breezes close to the ground surface penetrated the city along the rivers, sandwiching the Nakanoshima district. During the daytime, the surface temperatures of the rivers were lower than the air temperature observed at the nearest stationary observation point, and the difference reached approximately 2 °C.

The crystallography characteristic of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
Jiang Xishan
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Growth Step ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Fcc Structure ◽  
New Discovery

This paper reports the growth step pattern and morphology at equilibrium and growth states of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal on the wall of micro-voids in ZG25 cast steel by using scanning electron microscope. Seldom report was presented on the growth morphology and steppattern of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal.Fig.1 shows the front half of the polyhedron of(Mn,Fe)S single crystal,its central area being the square crystal plane,the two pairs of hexagons symmetrically located in the high and low, the left and right with a certain, angle to the square crystal plane.According to the symmetrical relationship of crystal, it was defined that the (Mn,Fe)S single crystal at equilibrium state is tetrakaidecahedron consisted of eight hexagonal crystal planes and six square crystal planes. The macroscopic symmetry elements of the tetrakaidecahedron correpond to Oh—n3m symmetry class of fcc structure,in which the hexagonal crystal planes are the { 111 } crystal planes group,square crystal plaits are the { 100 } crystal planes group. This new discovery of the (Mn,Fe)S single crystal provides a typical example of the point group of Oh—n3m.

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