Biofuel Production from Agricultural Waste—An Economical Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Cherian ◽  
Harikrishnan Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biofuel Production

scholarly journals Cellulosic biofuel production using emulsified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (eSSF) with conventional and thermotolerant yeasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Hoffman ◽  
Maria Alvarez ◽  
Gilad Alfassi ◽  
Dmitry M. Rein ◽  
Sergio Garcia-Echauri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuels ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Thermotolerant Yeasts ◽  
Rapid Hydrolysis ◽  
Dedicated Energy Crops ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract Background Future expansion of corn-derived ethanol raises concerns of sustainability and competition with the food industry. Therefore, cellulosic biofuels derived from agricultural waste and dedicated energy crops are necessary. To date, slow and incomplete saccharification as well as high enzyme costs have hindered the economic viability of cellulosic biofuels, and while approaches like simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and the use of thermotolerant microorganisms can enhance production, further improvements are needed. Cellulosic emulsions have been shown to enhance saccharification by increasing enzyme contact with cellulose fibers. In this study, we use these emulsions to develop an emulsified SSF (eSSF) process for rapid and efficient cellulosic biofuel production and make a direct three-way comparison of ethanol production between S. cerevisiae, O. polymorpha, and K. marxianus in glucose and cellulosic media at different temperatures. Results In this work, we show that cellulosic emulsions hydrolyze rapidly at temperatures tolerable to yeast, reaching up to 40-fold higher conversion in the first hour compared to microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). To evaluate suitable conditions for the eSSF process, we explored the upper temperature limits for the thermotolerant yeasts Kluyveromyces marxianus and Ogataea polymorpha, as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and observed robust fermentation at up to 46, 50, and 42 °C for each yeast, respectively. We show that the eSSF process reaches high ethanol titers in short processing times, and produces close to theoretical yields at temperatures as low as 30 °C. Finally, we demonstrate the transferability of the eSSF technology to other products by producing the advanced biofuel isobutanol in a light-controlled eSSF using optogenetic regulators, resulting in up to fourfold higher titers relative to MCC SSF. Conclusions The eSSF process addresses the main challenges of cellulosic biofuel production by increasing saccharification rate at temperatures tolerable to yeast. The rapid hydrolysis of these emulsions at low temperatures permits fermentation using non-thermotolerant yeasts, short processing times, low enzyme loads, and makes it possible to extend the process to chemicals other than ethanol, such as isobutanol. This transferability establishes the eSSF process as a platform for the sustainable production of biofuels and chemicals as a whole.

Processes simulation and environmental evaluation of biofuel production via Co-pyrolysis of tropical agricultural waste

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 123016
Author(s):  
Wenyu Mo ◽  
Zhe Xiong ◽  
Huiyi Leong ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Environmental Evaluation

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of rice husk biochar via hydrothermal carbonization for wastewater treatment and biofuel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Hossain ◽  
Sabzoi Nizamuddin ◽  
Gregory Griffin ◽  
Periasamy Selvakannan ◽  
Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

Abstract The recent implication of circular economy in Australia spurred the demand for waste material utilization for value-added product generations on a commercial scale. Therefore, this experimental study emphasized on agricultural waste biomass, rice husk (RH) as potential feedstock to produce valuable products. Rice husk biochar (RB) was obtained at temperature: 180 °C, pressure: 70 bar, reaction time: 20 min with water via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and the obtained biochar yield was 57.9%. Enhancement of zeta potential value from − 30.1 to − 10.6 mV in RB presented the higher suspension stability, and improvement of surface area and porosity in RB demonstrated the wastewater adsorption capacity. Along with that, an increase of crystallinity in RB, 60.5%, also indicates the enhancement of the catalytic performance of the material significantly more favorable to improve the adsorption efficiency of transitional compounds. In contrast, an increase of the atomic O/C ratio in RB, 0.51 delineated high breakdown of the cellulosic component, which is favorable for biofuel purpose. 13.98% SiO2 reduction in RB confirmed ash content minimization and better quality of fuel properties. Therefore, the rice husk biochar through HTC can be considered a suitable material for further application to treat wastewater and generate bioenergy.

scholarly journals Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Coconut Husk using Nitrogen-assisted Subcritical Water for Sugar Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maktum Muharja ◽  
Nur Fadhilah ◽  
Tantular Nurtono ◽  
Arief Widjaja
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is the intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCH. SCW process was optimized by varying the operation condition: the pressure of 60-100 bar, the temperature of 150-190 °C, and the time of 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid was subsequently hydrolyzed by utilizing a mixture of commercial cellulase and xylanase enzymes. The result shows that the optimum total sugar yield was obtained under the mild condition of SCW treatment, resulting in the sugar of 15.67 % and 10.31 % gained after SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis process, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis of SCW-treated solid exhibited the deformation of lignin and solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, while XRD and TGA revealed an increase of the amount of crystalline part in the solid residue. The use of N2 in SCW treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis in this study suggested that the method can be considered economically for biofuel production from CCH waste in commercial scale. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals Analysis of the Circular Economic Production Models and Their Approach in Agriculture and Agricultural Waste Biomass Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9549
Author(s):  
Mónica Duque-Acevedo ◽  
Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña ◽  
Natalia Yakovleva ◽  
Francisco Camacho-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Biomass Management ◽  
The Uk

As of now, circular economic production models of the circular economy (CEPMs), which include circular economy, bioeconomy, and circular bioeconomy, are among the main tools characterizing development policies in different countries. During the last five years, policies and strategies regarding CEPMs have promoted and contributed to the development of research on this topic. The evolution and most relevant aspects of the three CEPMs previously mentioned have been analyzed from a sample of 2190 scientific publications obtained from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis has been used to evaluate the approach of these models in agriculture and to introduce the ways in which they address the management of agricultural waste biomass (AWB). Results show that the circular economy is the most studied and prioritized model in China and most European countries, with the UK leading the way. Germany leads in topics related to the bioeconomy. The management policies and strategies of the circular bioeconomy are key to promoting research focused on AWB valorization since bioenergy and/or biofuel production continue to be a priority.

scholarly journals The Xylose Metabolizing Yeast Spathaspora passalidarum is a Promising Genetic Treasure for Improving Bioethanol Production

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. Selim ◽  
Saadia M. Easa ◽  
Ahmed I. El-Diwany
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Pentose Sugar ◽  
Industrial Strains ◽  
Founder Member ◽  
Spathaspora Passalidarum

Currently, the fermentation technology for recycling agriculture waste for generation of alternative renewable biofuels is getting more and more attention because of the environmental merits of biofuels for decreasing the rapid rise of greenhouse gas effects compared to petrochemical, keeping in mind the increase of petrol cost and the exhaustion of limited petroleum resources. One of widely used biofuels is bioethanol, and the use of yeasts for commercial fermentation of cellulosic and hemicellulosic agricultural biomasses is one of the growing biotechnological trends for bioethanol production. Effective fermentation and assimilation of xylose, the major pentose sugar element of plant cell walls and the second most abundant carbohydrate, is a bottleneck step towards a robust biofuel production from agricultural waste materials. Hence, several attempts were implemented to engineer the conventional Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to transport and ferment xylose because naturally it does not use xylose, using genetic materials of Pichia stipitis, the pioneer native xylose fermenting yeast. Recently, the nonconventional yeast Spathaspora passalidarum appeared as a founder member of a new small group of yeasts that, like Pichia stipitis, can utilize and ferment xylose. Therefore, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the xylose assimilation in such pentose fermenting yeasts will enable us to eliminate the obstacles in the biofuels pipeline, and to develop industrial strains by means of genetic engineering to increase the availability of renewable biofuel products from agricultural biomass. In this review, we will highlight the recent advances in the field of native xylose metabolizing yeasts, with special emphasis on S. passalidarum for improving bioethanol production.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and environmental benefits of biofuel production development from agricultural waste in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Natalia Pryshliak ◽  
Dina Tokarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Energy Needs

AbstractEnergy needs are determined by three main factors: population growth, the economic development of society, and the scientific and technical level of production processes. These needs are increasing year by year in the world and in 2018 they exceeded 13.5 billion tons of oil equivalent. More and more countries are developing and implementing plans and strategies for significant coverage, within 50-100%, of their energy needs through renewable energy sources. The findings of this study revealed that Ukraine’s energy demand per year is 200 million tons of oil equivalent of energy resources. Currently, the share of renewable energy in the structure of energy consumption in Ukraine is 4.4%. The authors also acknowledged that at the same time, 115 million tons of agricultural plant waste and about 97 million tons of animal waste are generated annually in Ukraine, which makes it possible to produce 7.21 million tons of oil equivalent and 2.2 million tons of oil equivalent, respectively from these. The study found that the production of biofuels from agricultural waste will have social, economic and environmental effects. An efficiency matrix was constructed by the authors to determine these effects. Using the SWOT method of analysis, factors that will affect the development of biofuel production from agricultural waste were determined.

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