scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of rice husk biochar via hydrothermal carbonization for wastewater treatment and biofuel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Hossain ◽  
Sabzoi Nizamuddin ◽  
Gregory Griffin ◽  
Periasamy Selvakannan ◽  
Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

Abstract The recent implication of circular economy in Australia spurred the demand for waste material utilization for value-added product generations on a commercial scale. Therefore, this experimental study emphasized on agricultural waste biomass, rice husk (RH) as potential feedstock to produce valuable products. Rice husk biochar (RB) was obtained at temperature: 180 °C, pressure: 70 bar, reaction time: 20 min with water via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and the obtained biochar yield was 57.9%. Enhancement of zeta potential value from − 30.1 to − 10.6 mV in RB presented the higher suspension stability, and improvement of surface area and porosity in RB demonstrated the wastewater adsorption capacity. Along with that, an increase of crystallinity in RB, 60.5%, also indicates the enhancement of the catalytic performance of the material significantly more favorable to improve the adsorption efficiency of transitional compounds. In contrast, an increase of the atomic O/C ratio in RB, 0.51 delineated high breakdown of the cellulosic component, which is favorable for biofuel purpose. 13.98% SiO2 reduction in RB confirmed ash content minimization and better quality of fuel properties. Therefore, the rice husk biochar through HTC can be considered a suitable material for further application to treat wastewater and generate bioenergy.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Rice Husk Biochar and Kenaf Biochar for Value-Added Biochar Replacement for Potential Materials Adsorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anwar Saeed ◽  
Noorfidza Harun ◽  
Suriati Sufian ◽  
Haruna Afolabi ◽  
Ebrahim Al-Qadami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

scholarly journals PENYISIHAN ION LOGAM MERKURI (Hg2+) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN GULMA TANAMAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahurrahmah ◽  
Suhendrayatna ◽  
Muhammad Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Random Surface ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Short Time

This research was conducted to prepare adsorbents from agricultural and weeds waste biomass to remove Hg2+ metal ions from water phase. Water hyacinth biomass (agricultural waste) and rice husk (weed) was cleaned, dried in an oven dryer, and carbonized in a furnace at 500oC for 2 hours. Then, dried carbon was milled to get 100 mesh of size and was followed by activation using 0.5 N NaOH. The adsorption process was conducted by mix 1 gram of activated adsorbent on a 100 ml water containing 3 ppm Hg2+ metal ions at 100 rpm, pH 5, and 30oC. Hg2+ concentration in water phase were analyzed using AAS, Shimadzu AA-6300 for a specified time within a period of 20-100 minutes. This study shows that at the beginning process of adsorption, adsorbent from rice husk has ability to decrease 69.91% concentration of Hg2+ for 20 minutes, while adsorbent from water hyacinth reaches to 94.26%. The characterization results of FTIR spectra and SEM shows that adsorbent from water hyacinth was able to absorb more Hg2+ metal ions in a short time because it has a functional group that was able to bind heavy metals, and also has a random surface structure, compared with the adsorbent from rice husks that has less functional groups with uniform morphology structure

scholarly journals Clean and Efficient Synthesis of High-Quality Silica From Rice Husk Ash

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Baoyu ◽  
Zhang Long ◽  
Yu Zaiqian
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Complex Salt ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Waste Biomass

Abstract Rice husk ash derived from the rice husk, a renewable waste biomass resource from rice production can be used to produce high value-added silica materials with various applications. But present technologies suffer the shortages of using inorganic acid as the precipitating agent, complex salt-containing wastewater post-treatment, higher production cost, lower product quality, and without the recycling of process additives. In this paper, improved clean chemical precipitation characterizing of recycling the by-product and surfactant used is developed with the highest silica product yield of 99.3%, pore size (21-35 nm), and specific surface area (196-462 m2/g). After the by-product solution is reused 5 times, the yield of silica can still reach 99.1%. The recovery yield of surfactant is 95.3%. The properties of the prepared silica meet the standard of silica for specific applications. The process characterized the recycling of the by-product and surfactant in the process, greener CO2 precipitant, ensuring the greenness, process efficiency, and low production cost. This opens up a new industrialization practical way for up-grading utilization of waste biomass and CO2 containing industrial effluents.

scholarly journals Preparation and Application of Biochar-Based Catalysts for Biofuel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Cheng ◽  
Xiuwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Heteroatom Doping ◽  
Tar Reduction ◽  
Alkali Catalysts ◽  
Future Work

Firstly, this paper reviews two main methods for biochar synthesis, namely conventional pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The related processes are described, and the influences of biomass nature and reaction conditions, especially temperature, are discussed. Compared to pyrolysis, HTC has advantages for processing high-moisture biomass and producing spherical biochar particles. Secondly, typical features of biochar in comparison with other carbonaceous materials are summarized. They refer to the presence of inorganics, surface functional groups, and local crystalline structures made up of highly conjugated aromatic sheets. Thirdly, various strategies for biochar modification are illustrated. They include activation, surface functionalization, in situ heteroatom doping, and the formation of composites with other materials. An appropriate modification is necessary for biochar used as a catalyst. Fourthly, the applications of biochar-based catalysts in three important processes of biofuel production are reviewed. Sulfonated biochar shows good catalytic performance for biomass hydrolysis and biodiesel production. Biodiesel production can also be catalyzed by biochar-derived or -supported solid-alkali catalysts. Biochar alone and biochar-supported metals are potential catalysts for tar reduction during or after biomass gasification. Lastly, the merits of biochar-based catalysts are summarized. Biochar-based catalysts have great developmental prospects. Future work needs to focus on the study of mechanism and process design.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Circular Economic Production Models and Their Approach in Agriculture and Agricultural Waste Biomass Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9549
Author(s):  
Mónica Duque-Acevedo ◽  
Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña ◽  
Natalia Yakovleva ◽  
Francisco Camacho-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Biomass Management ◽  
The Uk

As of now, circular economic production models of the circular economy (CEPMs), which include circular economy, bioeconomy, and circular bioeconomy, are among the main tools characterizing development policies in different countries. During the last five years, policies and strategies regarding CEPMs have promoted and contributed to the development of research on this topic. The evolution and most relevant aspects of the three CEPMs previously mentioned have been analyzed from a sample of 2190 scientific publications obtained from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis has been used to evaluate the approach of these models in agriculture and to introduce the ways in which they address the management of agricultural waste biomass (AWB). Results show that the circular economy is the most studied and prioritized model in China and most European countries, with the UK leading the way. Germany leads in topics related to the bioeconomy. The management policies and strategies of the circular bioeconomy are key to promoting research focused on AWB valorization since bioenergy and/or biofuel production continue to be a priority.

scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN KUTU DAUN PADA TANAMAN CABAI YANG DIAPLIKASI BIOCHAR DAN TRICHOKOMPOS BERDASARKAN AMBANG KENDALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Araz Meilin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Control Threshold ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar ◽  
Bagasse Biochar ◽  
Aphid Populations

The control of aphids pests in chilli plantation often uses scheduled chemical control. This study aims to determine the development of aphid populations in the vegetative phase of chili plants treated with biochar from agricultural waste and trichokompos, and its control based on the threshold of control. The experiment was conducted on Chili Varietas Kencana of vegetative phase in Sangir Tengah Village, Kayu Aro Subdistrict, Kerinci Regency in 2016. The planting of chili was carried out with five treatments: 1) Trichokompos 10 ton/ha and 2 ton/ha of bagasse biochar; 2) Trichokompos 10 ton/ha and 2 ton/ha  of corncob biochar; 3) Trichokompos 10 ton/ha and 2 ton/ha of rice husk biochar; 4) Trichokompos 10 ton/ha; and 5) Control (farmer technology). Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The environmental design used is Group Random Design (RAK). Data collection through observation of population number of aphids done every week. Control measures with the use of pesticides are carried out after the population passes the economic threshold. The results showed that the use of agricultural waste biochar (rice husk, corncob, bagasse) and trichokompos did not significantly affect the number/population of aphids. Chemical control of aphids on chili plants in the vegetative phase based on the control threshold can reduce the frequency of insecticide application up to 50%.Keywords: control threshold, insecticide, chili pest AbstrakPengendalian hama kutu daun pada tanaman cabai sering menggunakan pengendalian kimia yang terjadwal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan populasi kutu daun pada fase vegetatif tanaman cabai yang diberi perlakuan biochar asal limbah pertanian dan trichokompos dan pengendaliannya berdasarkan ambang kendali. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada pertanaman cabai varietas Kencana fase vegetatif di Desa Sangir Tengah, Kecamatan Kayu Aro, Kabupaten Kerinci pada tahun 2016. Penanaman cabai dilaksanakan dengan lima perlakuan yaitu : 1) Trichokompos 10 ton/ha dan biochar ampas tebu 2 ton/ha; 2) Trichokompos 10 ton/ha dan biochar tongkol jagung 2 ton/ha; 3) Trichokompos 10 ton/ha dan biochart sekam padi 2 ton/ha; 4) Trichokompos 10 ton/ha; dan 5)  Kontrol (teknologi petani).  Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali.  Rancangan lingkungan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan jumlah populasi kutu daun yang dilakukan setiap minggu. Tindakan pengendalian dengan penggunaan insektisida dilakukan setelah populasi melewati ambang ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan biochar limbah pertanian (sekam padi, tongkol jagung, ampas tebu) dan trichokompos tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah/populasi kutu daun.  Pengendalian kimia kutu daun pada tanaman cabai varietas Kencana pada fase vegetatif yang dilakukan  berdasarkan ambang kendali, dapat menurunkan frekuensi aplikasi insektisida sampai 50%.Kata kunci : ambang kendali, insektisida, hama cabai

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Film from Tacca leontopetaloides Starch Reinforced with Rice Husk Biochar

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Ainatul Mardhiah Mohd Amin ◽  
Suhaila Mohd Sauid ◽  
Mohamad Sufian So’aib ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar ◽  
Disposal Problem

The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic film (TPS) from Taccaleontopetaloides starch. T.leontopetaloides was opted as starch source due to its abundance in nature, cheap and non-staple food in Malaysia. Biochar from rice husk was incorporated with T. leontopetaloides starch as a novel idea to enhance the properties of the thermoplastic film and solving the agricultural waste disposal problem. The TPSs were developed through solution casting method. Incorporation of biochar into TPS (TPS-BChr) composite significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation at break (EAB) properties of TPS. Thermal analysis showed that TPS10%-BChr composite had the highest maximum degradation temperature and the highest amount of residue (23.94%) compared to other TPS’s compositions. These results showed that incorporation of biochar into TPS significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the TPS.

scholarly journals Coal/biomass co-combustion investigation by thermogravimetric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Akarasingh Bampenrat ◽  
Hussanai Sukkathanyawat ◽  
Thidaporn Seangwattana
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Oxidation Stage ◽  
Blended Fuels

In this study, the thermal characteristics and kinetic parameters of coal/biomass blended fuels (75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 wt.%/wt.%) were investigated by using the thermogravimetric technique under atmospheric air. Three types of agricultural waste biomass including cassava root, palm kernel shell and rice husk were used as raw materials. The experiments were performed under different temperatures, ranging from 313-973 K with the heating rate of 5, 10, 20 and 40 K/min. The results show that the thermal decomposition of biomass exhibit three-four stages including moisture and some light volatile removal stage (up to 463 K), volatile oxidation stage (423-663 K), char combustion stage (663-823 K) and inorganic oxidation stage (803-953 K). Lignite on the other hand exhibits only two main peaks during the entire combustion process, corresponding to the moisture removal (up to 433 K) and the decomposition/oxidation (433-833 K), respectively. In addition, it was also found that the blending of biomass residues improved the ignition temperature of the blended fuels, indicating an improvement of devolatilization of coal. Kinetic studies show that the average apparent activation energies of the co-combustion of coal/cassava root, coal/palm kernel shell and coal/rice husk calculated from the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method are reported at ca. 105.25, 179.66 and 121.84 kJ/mol, respectively.

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