scholarly journals Fractures of the Zygomaticomaxillary Complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 1151-1199
Author(s):  
Elavenil Panneerselvam ◽  
Poornima Ravi ◽  
B. Sasikala
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
And Function ◽  
Operative Assessment ◽  
Zygomaticomaxillary Complex

AbstractFractures of the Zygomatico Maxillary complex result in cosmetic deformity as well as functional deficits such as altered vision, restricted mouth opening and paresthesia. Accurate restitution of the form and function of the ZMC is challenging because of its multipoint- articulation within the cranio facial skeleton and the difficulty involved in intra-operative assessment of reduction at all articulations. Management of ZMC fractures is unique; (1) The approaches used for reduction may be different from those for fixation (2) Lack of complete visualization of fracture predisposes to over or under reduction resulting in sub optimal outcomes (3) Philosophies of fixation and stabilization are numerous and debatable.With advancements in the imaging technology, armamentarium and refinement of approaches to fracture, there is an emerging trend towards achieving utmost precision in reduction and fixation with minimally invasive surgical principles. This chapter aims at elaborating the biodynamics of ZMC fractures, the evolution of various techniques for reduction & fixation along with their rationale and finally the cutting-edge technology in management of fractured ZMC.

Blepharoplasty and Eyelid Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Kamboj ◽  
Ali Mokhtarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Eyelid Margin ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Eyelid Reconstruction ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Lacrimal System ◽  
Selection History ◽  
And Function ◽  
Operative Assessment ◽  
Outcome Of Surgery ◽  
Oculoplastic Surgery

A mastery of facial and eyelid anatomy is paramount to perform oculoplastic surgery safely and successfully. An understanding of periocular structures, vasculature, and innervation highlights the delicate relationship between form and function, which establishes the foundation for cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. This knowledge, coupled with an appreciation for the patient’s goals – both functional and aesthetic – and expectations for the outcome of surgery allows one to complete an effective, multidimensional pre-operative assessment encompassing patient selection, history, physical examination, and ancillary testing. Ultimately, the synthesis of these principles guides the selection and execution of appropriate and efficacious surgical technique for blepharoplasty and eyelid reconstruction. This review contains 15 figures and 28 references Keywords: Eyelid anatomy, Eyelid crease, Eyelid margin, Canthal tendons, Lacrimal system, Blepharoplasty, Tenzel flap, Hughes flap, Cutler-Beard procedure, Canthotomy and cantholysis

Osseous and Cartilaginous Nasal Reconstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 043-051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Nasal Reconstruction ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Nasal Defect ◽  
And Function ◽  
Grafting Materials ◽  
Autogenous Grafts

AbstractThe nose is a complex, three-dimensional structure that is supported by a framework of osseous and cartilaginous structures. Disruption of this framework can result in nasal deformity and functional deficits. Nasal reconstruction requires restoration of the osseous and cartilaginous framework. This requires careful preoperative assessment of the nasal defect and understanding the nasal and facial aesthetics that are supported by the osseous and cartilaginous support structures. Structural grafts can be classified as restorative, supportive, or contouring. Surgeons must understand the requirements for each type of grafting and which materials to use to provide the necessary structural reconstruction. Autogenous, homologous, and allogenic materials can be used for reconstruction of the structural deficits. Autogenous grafts from the septum, ear, rib, and calvarium are preferred for structural reconstruction, but surgeons should be well versed with alternative structural grafting materials. Smaller defects can be corrected through cartilaginous grafts, while larger defects require more rigid bony support to withstand the contractive forces of wound healing. Titanium mesh can serve as a viable alternative for rigid structural reconstruction. The ultimate goal of nasal reconstruction is to restore nasal form and function, and successful reconstruction starts with establishing a stable, functional, and anatomically sound osseocartilaginous framework.

scholarly journals Silver diamine fluoride - Magic alternative in caries management: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Pallavi Anand ◽  
Pulkit Jhingan ◽  
Manvi Malik ◽  
Shivani Mathur ◽  
Vinod Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Caries Management ◽  
And Function ◽  
Dentinal Hypersensitivity

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a clear and odorless liquid used for dentinal hypersensitivity and arresting caries unless there’s no pulpal involvement for all age groups across all countries. Discoveries let us change old paradigms with the new ones. SDF being cleared for commercial use now can help in achieving the all-time goal of caries prevention. Various studies have established that options like potassium iodide and different restorations can help mask the staining problem of SDF. This can restore form and function as well for the teeth. With the unimaginable COVID 19 situation, dentistry has realized the importance of minimally invasive interventions than ever before. SDF is a blessing in such challenging times and it may be the magical alternative to caries management in the future.

scholarly journals A Simple Method for Percutaneous Reduction of Isolated Zygomatic Arch Fractures With a Dental Elevator: A Technical Note

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 247275122095168
Author(s):  
Wais Sorghabi ◽  
Jurrijn Kleinbergen ◽  
Ruud Bos ◽  
Baucke Van Minnen
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Percutaneous Approach ◽  
Percutaneous Reduction

Isolated zygomatic arch fractures are common fractures of the facial skeleton. Dislocation may result in facial disharmony and/or restricted mouth opening if not treated properly. Different methods of minimally invasive treatment of depressed fractures of the zygomatic arch have been described. Most of them are based on either a direct percutaneous approach with a malar hook, a temporal approach according to Gillies, or transorally according to Keen. For these methods, general anesthesia is often preferred. In this technical note, an alternative method of a percutaneous approach for reduction of a zygomatic arch fracture under local anesthesia is presented.

Blepharoplasty and Eyelid Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Kamboj ◽  
Ali Mokhtarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Eyelid Margin ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Eyelid Reconstruction ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Lacrimal System ◽  
Selection History ◽  
And Function ◽  
Operative Assessment ◽  
Outcome Of Surgery ◽  
Oculoplastic Surgery

A mastery of facial and eyelid anatomy is paramount to perform oculoplastic surgery safely and successfully. An understanding of periocular structures, vasculature, and innervation highlights the delicate relationship between form and function, which establishes the foundation for cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. This knowledge, coupled with an appreciation for the patient’s goals – both functional and aesthetic – and expectations for the outcome of surgery allows one to complete an effective, multidimensional pre-operative assessment encompassing patient selection, history, physical examination, and ancillary testing. Ultimately, the synthesis of these principles guides the selection and execution of appropriate and efficacious surgical technique for blepharoplasty and eyelid reconstruction. This review contains 15 figures and 28 references Keywords: Eyelid anatomy, Eyelid crease, Eyelid margin, Canthal tendons, Lacrimal system, Blepharoplasty, Tenzel flap, Hughes flap, Cutler-Beard procedure, Canthotomy and cantholysis

scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Surgical Management of Complex Pediatric Facial Fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 247275122110226
Author(s):  
Jamie Mckenzie ◽  
Edward Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Occlusal Splint ◽  
Le Fort ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stereolithographic Models

Le Fort fractures in pediatric patients are rare, and their management has increased complexity due to the development of the maxillofacial musculoskeletal complex and dentition. The authors present a case using historic circum-zygomatic wiring with 21st century surgical planning in a 18 month old, who sustained complex Le Fort II and III fractures. Treatment involved surgical planning with dental and stereolithographic models, and the fabrication of a retention modified, occlusal splint. Closed reduction with circum-zygomatic wiring retained by the occlusal splint, for a 3 week period, prior to removal. At 12 month review, the patient had good facial symmetry, cosmesis, profile, and function. The use of circum-zygomatic wiring provided a conservative operative approach, achieving excellent functional and cosmetic results without the potential morbidity of more invasive surgery.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of Craniofacial Anomalies: Applications and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1469-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Carrie E. Zimmerman ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Correct Structure

Purpose Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) often result in growth abnormalities of the facial skeleton adversely affecting function and appearance. The functional problems caused by the structural anomalies include upper airway obstruction, speech abnormalities, feeding difficulty, hearing deficits, dental/occlusal defects, and cognitive and psychosocial impairment. Managing disorders of the craniofacial skeleton has been improved by the technique known as distraction osteogenesis (DO). In DO, new bone growth is stimulated allowing bones to be lengthened without need for bone graft. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the technique and clinical applications and outcomes of DO in CFA. Conclusion Distraction can be applied to various regions of the craniofacial skeleton to correct structure and function. The benefits of this procedure include improved airway, feeding, occlusion, speech, and appearance, resulting in a better quality of life for patients with CFA.

Considerations in Dysphagia Management Following Esophagectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Evangelista ◽  
James L. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ◽  
Esophageal Resection ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia

Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Esophageal resection is the mainstay treatment for cancers of the esophagus. While curative, surgical resection may result in swallowing difficulties that require intervention from speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Minimally invasive surgical procedures for esophageal resection have aimed to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with more invasive techniques. Both intra-operative and post-operative complications, regardless of the surgical approach, can result in dysphagia. This article will review the epidemiological impact of esophageal cancers, operative complications resulting in dysphagia, and clinical assessment and management of dysphagia pertinent to esophageal resection.

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