Applying of Multi-Plane Slip Surface Analysis Using Elevation Data of Terrain Before and After Slope Disaster to Investigate Landslide Mechanism

2019 ◽  
pp. 809-815
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Hirowatari ◽  
Satoshi Murakami ◽  
Tomomi Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Slip Surface ◽  
Landslide Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elevation Data

scholarly journals Observations of widespread accelerated thinning in the upper reaches of Svalbard glaciers

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1085-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. James ◽  
T. Murray ◽  
N. E. Barrand ◽  
H. J. Sykes ◽  
A. J. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Elevation Changes

Abstract. The measured rise in eustatic sea level over the 20th century was dominated by mass loss from the world's mountain glaciers and ice caps, and predictions suggest that these fresh water reservoirs will remain significant into the 21st century. However, estimates of this mass transfer to the ocean are based on a limited number of observations extrapolated to represent not only regional changes but often changes across individual glaciers. Combining high resolution elevation data from contemporary laser-altimetry surveys and archived aerial photography makes it possible to measure historical changes across a glacier's entire surface. Here we present a high spatial resolution time-series for six Arctic glaciers in the Svalbard Archipelago spanning 1961 to 2005. We find increasing thinning rates before and after 1990 with elevation losses occurring most notably in the glaciers' upper reaches. In the absence of a clear meteorological driver, we recommend further investigation into a possible albedo amplification of prevailing meteorological trends to explain these higher elevation changes, which could have important consequences on the region's mass balance due to the sensitivity of its hypsometric distribution. However, the strong influence of decadal-scale variability, while explaining lower rates of mass loss reported in earlier studies, highlights that caution must be exercised when interpreting thinning rates when averaged over long periods.

Article

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1678-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E McGovern ◽  
Michael Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Functionalized Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Substrate Surfaces ◽  
Thiol Functionalization

The immobilization of biomolecules on substrate surfaces for biosensor development requires linking molecules that must meet a specific set of criteria. Two such agents based on bifunctional alkyltrichlorosilane structures, 1-bromo-11-(trichlorosilyl)-undecane and 1-(thiotrifluoroacetato)-11-(trichlorosilyl)-undecane, are employed to generate thiol-functionalized surfaces either by nucleophilic substitution followed by reduction (bromine-containing derivative) or deprotection (fluorine-containing compound). Both molecules have been attached to the surfaces of silicon wafers in conjunction with the diluent silane, octyltrichlorosilane. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis in the conventional and angle-resolved modes confirms that both silanization reactions were successful. The alkyl-bromine surfaces were subjected to treatment with a set of nucleophilic reactants followed by reduction and derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The latter in conjunction with surface analysis was used to estimate the level of thiol functionalization achieved. The fluorine-containing undecane surface has been studied by surface analysis both before and after deprotection of the thiol group by hydroxylamine solution. The results indicate that a high coverage of the surface was found for the protected moiety, with approximately 10% of the trifluoro acetate groups remaining after the deprotection procedure.Key words: bifunctional silanes, thiol surface functionalization, biomolecule immobilization, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Surface analysis of Zircaloy-2 implanted with carbon before and after oxidation in air at 500 °C

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Q. Peng ◽  
X.D. Bai ◽  
F. Pan ◽  
H. Sun ◽  
B.S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oxidation In Air

scholarly journals GIS-based mapping of water-level fluctuations (WLF) and its impact on groundwater in an Agrarian District in Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sajil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Fluctuation ◽  
Elevation Data

AbstractThis study describes the results of groundwater table variation in Thanjavur District before and after the monsoon seasons. Groundwater-level data acquired by the field measurement and the elevation data have been obtained from the topographic survey. Groundwater is the major source for different sectors in this region, and the major portion was used for irrigation. The impacts of geology, soil types, topographic elevation, land-use changes were critically analyzed and identified that these factors are controlling the infiltration capacity. The maximum fluctuation in the water table was 2 m below the ground level; still, 50% of the study area is under threat of overexploitation. This is projecting to a severe shortage in water supply soon. Groundwater quality is threatening by the saline intrusion in the coastal region, and the irrigation return flows inland. The spatial variation maps were useful in visualizing the seasonal water level and fluctuation in Thanjavur. A proper monitoring system, efficient irrigation practices, and effective groundwater recharge structures are recommended.

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