Observations of widespread accelerated thinning in the upper reaches of Svalbard glaciers
Abstract. The measured rise in eustatic sea level over the 20th century was dominated by mass loss from the world's mountain glaciers and ice caps, and predictions suggest that these fresh water reservoirs will remain significant into the 21st century. However, estimates of this mass transfer to the ocean are based on a limited number of observations extrapolated to represent not only regional changes but often changes across individual glaciers. Combining high resolution elevation data from contemporary laser-altimetry surveys and archived aerial photography makes it possible to measure historical changes across a glacier's entire surface. Here we present a high spatial resolution time-series for six Arctic glaciers in the Svalbard Archipelago spanning 1961 to 2005. We find increasing thinning rates before and after 1990 with elevation losses occurring most notably in the glaciers' upper reaches. In the absence of a clear meteorological driver, we recommend further investigation into a possible albedo amplification of prevailing meteorological trends to explain these higher elevation changes, which could have important consequences on the region's mass balance due to the sensitivity of its hypsometric distribution. However, the strong influence of decadal-scale variability, while explaining lower rates of mass loss reported in earlier studies, highlights that caution must be exercised when interpreting thinning rates when averaged over long periods.