Genomics and Genetic Engineering of Rice for Resistance to Different Insect Pests

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
Dhriti Kapoor ◽  
Mamta Pujari ◽  
Mahendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Insect Pests

scholarly journals Gene stacking: Approach of genetic engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Omprakash ◽  
Aparna ◽  
Bapsila Loitongbam ◽  
S. K. Bairwa ◽  
Kailash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Gene Stacking ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Or Genes

Gene stacking is the process of addition of two or more gene of interest into a single plant. The combination or stacking of different traits or genes in plants is rapidly gaining popularity in biotech crop production. The new evolved trait is known as stacked trait and the crop is known as biotech stacked or simply stacked. This can be accomplished in many ways, one of which is gene pyramiding. Biotech stacks give crops a larger genetic and agronomic boost, allowing them to perform better in challenging farming situations. Biotech stacks are designed to increase productivity by overcoming biotic and abiotic challenges like as insect pests, diseases, weeds, and environmental stress. This review will explain about the gene stacking principle, the need for biotech stacking, and the many gene stacking methods.

scholarly journals Genetic engineering: An additional tool for plant improvement

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohan Jain ◽  
Christian Oker-Blom ◽  
Eija Pehu ◽  
R. J. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
New Genes

Advances in gene transfer technologies have enabled the production of both monocot and dicot transgenic plants. With the biolistic method, genes can be transferred in recalcitrant crop plants and forest trees, independent of their genotype. Inexpensive methods for both stable and transient gene transfers - ultrasonication, direct DNA insertion during imbibition using somatic embryos, and silicon carbide fibres - have been developed. The frequency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation rates of cloned genes can be enhanced in plant cells. The analysis of molecular markers (RFLPs, RAPDs, DNA fingerprints) can accomplish the characterization, gene mapping and identification and certification and patent protection of cultivars. With PCR, selective amplification of a specific DNA segment from a small amount of an organism’s total DNA can be used toidentify transgenic cultivars. The expression of a target gene can be inhibited with antisense RNA. So far, a limited number of genes have been identified and cloned with genetic engineering. With specific gene transfers, many goals such as biological control of insect pests and fungi, male sterility, virus resistance, improving seed protein, and production of transgenic plants as “bioreactors” can be accomplished. T-DNA mutagenesis may lead to learning more about the genetic control of plant development and morphogenesis, and isolation of useful mutants. Before genetic engineering becomes a reliable tool of plant breeding, more attention is needed to explore: (a) new plant genetic resources in order toidentify and clone new genes, (b) fate of selective and scorable marker genes, and (c) field evaluation of transgenes in transgenic plants.

Genetic engineering technologies for Ethiopian agriculture: Prospects and challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adane Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Ethiopian Government

Genetic engineering (GE) technologies can contribute to improve crop productivity and quality in Ethiopia. Adoption of commercialized insect resistance and herbicide tolerance technologies can help to protect major crops such as cotton, maize, sorghum and small cereals from their main insect pests or prevent heavy weed-inflicted loss. Moreover, key production constraints such as  bacterial wilt of enset, late blight of potato, drought stress on crops like maize and wheat, lodging resistance on tef as well as low nutritive quality of native crops like enset and grasspea can be addressed by strengthening domestic GE research capacity and international collaboration. Cognizant of this potential, the Ethiopian government has made significant investment in modern biotechnology capacity building in the last decade. There has also been specific interest by cotton sector to boost its productivity by adopting insect resistance (Bt) technologies. However, the GE regulatory system based on the existing biosafety law is so stringent that it is not possible for the country to access useful technologies from abroad as well as initiate domestic GE research. Consequently, no GE experiment is approved so far, leaving the country at risk of missing out on the global GE revolution. To catch up and  harness the benefits of GE technologies, the country needs to create conducive regulatory environment, strengthen domestic GE capacity and devise a farsighted strategy.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Teknik Rekayasa Genetik dalam Perbaikan Sumber Daya Genetik Tanaman untuk Ketahanan Cekaman Biotik

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
M. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Great Opportunity

<p>The main constraint encountered in the<br />utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR) in agriculture are<br />biotic stresses such as insect pests, plant diseases, and plant<br />parasitic nematodes. The application of genetic engineering<br />techniques create a great opportunity for crops improvements<br />particularly for insect and plant diseases resistance. Through<br />genetic engineering, genetically engineered (GE) crops have<br />been developed, of which having the new traits such as resistance<br />to insect pests, plant diseases, and herbicide tolerance.<br />GE crops are already widely grown and marketed in many<br />countries. Globally, GE crops that are commercialized consists<br />of four categories of traits, which are insect resistance (IR),<br />herbicide tolerance, (HT), the combined traits of IR and HT<br />(stacked genes), and virus resistance. Initially, GE crops had<br />been commercialized globally covering 1.7 million ha in 1996,<br />and the cropping area increased rapidly to reach about 134<br />million ha in 2009. Indonesia is known as a country rich in<br />PGR, that have very high value. One of environmentally<br />friendly technologies that can be applied in the utilization of<br />PGR in Indonesia, is genetic engineering. In Indonesia,<br />research on plant genetic engineering had started since 1997.<br />Commodities that are being researched to develop GE plants<br />limited on rice, potatoes and tomatoes. GE rice resistant to<br />stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), GE potato resistant to<br />late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and GE tomato resistant<br />to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and cucumber<br />mosaic virus (CMV) have been successfully developed by<br />Research Center for Biotechnology of Indonesian Institute of<br />Science and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology<br />and Genetic Resources Research and Development<br />(ICABIOGRAD). Those GE crops have been tested for their<br />resistance at the screenhouses, green houses of the biosafety<br />containment, and confined field trial.</p>

Genetic Engineering of Rice for Resistance to Insect Pests

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Akhtar Rasool ◽  
Fazal Akbar ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Hina Jabeen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Insect Pests

Transformation of an Australian Cotton Cultivar: Prospects for Cotton Improvement Through Genetic Engineering

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
YL Cousins ◽  
BR Lyon ◽  
DJ Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Kanamycin Selection ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Fertile Seed ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of whole plants is a highly genotype-dependent process in cotton. We have identified at least one highly regenerable Australian cultivar, Siokra 1-3, which is a sister line to the current major variety being grown in Australia. A number of plants have been regenerated and although some are showing abnormal pollen development, most can produce fertile seed when selfed or crossed with a normal pollen donor. Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been used to efficiently produce fertile transgenic Siokra 1-3 plants expressing novel genes such as the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase or the β-glucuronidase. This is the first example of the transformation of an elite commercial cultivar. Critical factors in the transformation are the use of a supervirulent disarmed Ti-plasmid with a binary transformation vector, and a highly regenerable genotype of cotton. Bacterial concentration at the time of infection, tissue age, kanamycin selection regime, and co-cultivation support and media composition all have an influence on transformation efficiency and were optimised in our protocol. The ability to transform an elite Australian cultivar of cotton paves the way for agronomic improvements through genetic engineering. We have concentrated on increasing the tolerance of Australian cotton to the herbicide 2,4-D (to protect it from spray drift damage from adjacent cereal crops), and increasing its tolerance to insect pests, such as Helicoverpa armigera, using BT-toxin genes, protease inhibitors and other novel insect resistance genes.

Genetic engineering of rice for resistance to homopteran insect pests

2008 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
J. A. Gatehouse ◽  
K. Powell ◽  
H. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Insect Pests

scholarly journals Microbial Biosensors as Pesticide Detector: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Birhan Aynalem ◽  
Diriba Muleta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Optical Transducers ◽  
Engineering Cost

Farmers are highly dependent upon agrochemicals to boost crop production through soil fertilization and and insect pests, pathogens, parasites, and weeds management . However, contentious application of agrochemicals on the farm has aggravated residual accumulation and has become problematic for environmental safety besides causing disease to humans and other animals. Thus, the analysis of chemical residues from the environment is vital for policymakers and communities. Mostly, chemists were devoted to analyzing the existing contaminants from different sources by using highly sophisticated chromatographic equipment, although it is time taking, laborious, costly, and that required well-trained professionals. However, biosensors are more important to analyze chemical contaminants from different samples using various bioreporters integrated with electrochemical and optical transducers. Microbes are metabolically diverse, amenable for genetic engineering, cost effective in culturing, and tolerant to diverse conditions. Thus, microbial biosensor is capturing attention and becoming more effective for environmental monitoring. Therefore, this review assessed the implication of microbial biosensors for pesticide detection and the role of genetic engineering for strain improvement.

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