Probiotics for Prophylaxis and Management of Breast Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-189
Author(s):  
Sheyda Ranjbar ◽  
Seyed Afshin Seyednejad ◽  
Shahab Edalatian Zakeri ◽  
Hossein Rezaeizadeh ◽  
Roja Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Evidence

scholarly journals Insulin/IGF Axis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Evidence and Translational Insights

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Federica Biello ◽  
Francesca Platini ◽  
Francesca D’Avanzo ◽  
Carlo Cattrini ◽  
Alessia Mennitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women. Many clinical and preclinical studies investigated the possible relationship between host metabolism and BC. Significant differences among BC subtypes have been reported for glucose metabolism. Insulin can promote tumorigenesis through a direct effect on epithelial tissues or indirectly by affecting the levels of other modulators, such as the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of receptors, sex hormones, and adipokines. The potential anti-cancer activity of metformin is based on two principal effects: first, its capacity for lowering circulating insulin levels with indirect endocrine effects that may impact on tumor cell proliferation; second, its direct influence on many pro-cancer signaling pathways that are key drivers of BC aggressiveness. Methods: In the present review, the interaction between BC, host metabolism, and patients’ prognosis has been reviewed across available literature evidence. Conclusions: Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are all involved in BC growth and could have a relevant impact on prognosis. All these factors act through a pro-inflammatory state, mediated by cytokines originated in fat tissue, and seem to be related to a higher risk of BC development and worse prognosis.

scholarly journals Ovarian Function and Fertility Preservation in Breast Cancer: Should Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist be administered to All Premenopausal Patients Receiving Chemotherapy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955811982839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Lambertini ◽  
François Richard ◽  
Bastien Nguyen ◽  
Giulia Viglietti ◽  
Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Premenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Suppression ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist

Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the potential drawbacks of chemotherapy use of particular concern for newly diagnosed premenopausal breast cancer patients. Temporary ovarian suppression obtained pharmacologically with the administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) during chemotherapy has been specifically developed as a method to counteract chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity with the main goal of diminishing the risk of POI. In recent years, important clinical evidence has become available on the efficacy and safety of this strategy that should now be considered a standard option for ovarian function preservation in premenopausal breast cancer patients, including women who are not interested in conceiving after treatment or that would not be candidates for fertility preservation strategies because of their age. Nevertheless, in women interested in fertility preservation, this is not an alternative to gamete cryopreservation, which remains as the first option to be offered. In this setting, temporary ovarian suppression with GnRHa during chemotherapy should be also proposed following gamete cryopreservation or to women who have no access, refuse, or have contraindications to surgical fertility preservation techniques. In this article, we present an overview about the role of temporary ovarian suppression with GnRHa during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients by addressing the available clinical evidence with the aim of identifying both the best candidates for the use of this strategy and the still existing gray zones requiring further investigation.

scholarly journals Biasing Influence of ‘Mental Shortcuts’ on Diagnostic Decision-Making: Radiologists Can Overlook Breast Cancer in Mammograms When Prior Diagnostic Information Is Available

Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Fallon Branch ◽  
Isabella Santana ◽  
Jay Hegdé
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
External Information ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Heuristic Information ◽  
Diagnostic Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Decision Making

When making decisions under uncertainty, people in all walks of life, including highly trained medical professionals, tend to resort to using ‘mental shortcuts’, or heuristics. Anchoring-and-adjustment (AAA) is a well-known heuristic in which subjects reach a judgment by starting from an initial internal judgment (‘anchored position’) based on available external information (‘anchoring information’) and adjusting it until they are satisfied. We studied the effects of the AAA heuristic during diagnostic decision-making in mammography. We provided practicing radiologists (N = 27 across two studies) a random number that we told them was the estimate of a previous radiologist of the probability that a mammogram they were about to see was positive for breast cancer. We then showed them the actual mammogram. We found that the radiologists’ own estimates of cancer in the mammogram reflected the random information they were provided and ignored the actual evidence in the mammogram. However, when the heuristic information was not provided, the same radiologists detected breast cancer in the same set of mammograms highly accurately, indicating that the effect was solely attributable to the availability of heuristic information. Thus, the effects of the AAA heuristic can sometimes be so strong as to override the actual clinical evidence in diagnostic tasks.

scholarly journals Distribution of Cancer Patients at National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital in 2006

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Habibullah Talukder ◽  
Suraiya Jabeen ◽  
Md Johirul Islam ◽  
Syed Md Akram Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Oesophageal Carcinoma ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio

A study on 6492 new cancer patients was done at National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka from January 2006 to December 2006. Histopathologically confirmed cancer patients; patients having radiological or clinical evidence of malignancy were included in the study. Majority of the patients were from Dhaka division (47.8%) and next from Chittagong division (22.5%). There were 3824 male and 2668 female patients in the study. The male female ratio was 1.4:1.The majority of cancer occurred in middle and old age. In adult male Lung cancer ranked the top (909, 24.1%) followed by cancer of lymph node and lymphatic (264, 7.0%), Laryngeal carcinoma (247, 6.5%) and Oesophageal Carcinoma (199, 5.3%). Breast cancer (24.48) was the major malignancy amongst adult female (633, 23.3%) followed by that of the cervix (583, 21.4%), Lung (153, 5.6%) and Oral cavity (116, 4.3%). In pediatric patients malignancy of lymphatics and lymphoid tissue led the tally while in geriatric group Lung cancer found to be more prevalent. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v37i1.3599 Bangladesh Medical Journal 37(1) 2008 2-5

Clinical evidence for the role of eribulin mesylate in the treatment of breast cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Carole Gourmelon ◽  
Jean Sébastien Frenel ◽  
Mario Campone
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Eribulin Mesylate
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