Heptapeptide toxin production during the batch culture of two Microcystis species (Cyanobacteria)

Том 36(2020) №3 стр. 82-89; DOI 10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-3-82-89А.В. Гаева1*, О.В. Громова1, О.С. Дуракова1, С.В. Генералов1, Л.Ф. Ливанова1, О.А. Волох1 Определение специфической активности компонентов холерной химической вакцины с использованием культуры клеток 1ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Саратов 410005 *[email protected] Поступила - 2019-11-26; После доработки - 2020-03-16; Принята к публикации - 2020-05-15 Список литературы Описаны методы определения динамики продукции токсинов штаммом Vibrio cholerae 569B при глубинном культивировании в биореакторе и антигенной активности специфической фракции холерогена-анатоксина по анатоксинсвязыванию с использованием клеточных культур. Показана высокая степень соответствия результатов, полученных методами, применяемыми для контроля этапов производства холерной химической вакцины и рассмотренными в данной работе. Отмечено, что применение клеточной линии СНО-К1 наиболее перспективно для замены биомоделей на промежуточных этапах контроля активных компонентов холерной химической вакцины. Разработанный методический подход впервые предлагается использовать на этапах производства холерной бивалентной химической вакцины. культура клеток, Vibrio cholerae, холерная химическая вакцина, контроль производства, холера. Vol 36(2020) N 3 p. 82-89; DOI 10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-3-82-89A.V. Gaeva1*, O.V. Gromova1, O.S. Durakova1, S.V. Generalov1, L.F. Livanova1, O.A. Volokh1 Determination of Specific Activity of Cholera Chemical Vaccine Components using Cell Culture 1Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Saratov, 410005 *[email protected] Received - 26.11.2019; Accepted - 15.05.2020 References The methods has been described to determine the dynamics of toxin production by the Vibrio cholerae 569B strain during submerged cultivation in bioreactor and of the antigenic activity of specific choleragen anatoxin fraction by anatoxin binding levels using cell cultures. High degree of consistency was observed between the results obtained via the method under consideration and those obtained via control methods at different stages of cholera chemical vaccine production. It was shown that the CHO-K1 cell line is the most promising substitute for biomodels at the intermediate stages of control of active cholera chemical vaccine components. The developed methodological approach was first proposed for use at the stages of cholera chemical bivalent vaccine manufacturing. cell culture, Vibrio cholerae, cholera chemical vaccine, production control, cholera.

Download Full-text

Activated carbon as a better habitat for water and wastewater treatment microorganisms

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0260 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 149-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Okada ◽

H. Morinaga ◽

W. Nishijima

Keyword(s):

Batch Culture ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Membrane Filter ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Dialysis Tubing ◽

Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽

Batch Cultures ◽

K 12 ◽

Bacterial Yield ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Effects of PAC on bacterial activity were evaluated by sequencing batch cultures (20 hours each) of E.coli K-12 on synthetic medium containing glucose as a sole carbon source. Four suspended sequencing batch culture systems were operated; CP: cultures supplemented with PAC, CR: cultures with removal of metabolites by PAC at the end of each batch culture, CD: cultures supplemented with PAC in dialysis tubing to separate from E.coli, and CC: cultures without PAC (control). The supernatant of each batch culture was filtered through a membrane filter (0.2 μm) and was mixed with the same volume of fresh medium to be used as the medium for the next batch culture. The sequencing batch cultures were repeated three times for all the systems. The bacterial growth in CC was inhibited with the increase in the number of batch cultures. Although a significant amount of metabolites was accumulated in the 3rd batch culture of CC, little accumulation was noted in the 3rd batch culture of CP. No growth inhibition was noted in CP for all the batch cultures. The little differences in the bacterial yield and metabolite accumulation between CR and CD suggested that adsorption/desorption of metabolites with PAC did not play a major role in bacterial growth. PAC addition may partly stimulate the growth by the removal of growth inhibiting metabolites. However, the fact that CP showed higher yield than CR and CD indicated that the contact between bacteria and PAC plays a significant role in the growth of bacteria.

Download Full-text

Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11110645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 645 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Cesare Accinelli ◽

James R. Smith ◽

W. Thomas Shier

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

Download Full-text

Ecophysiological Aspects and sxt Genes Expression Underlying Induced Chemical Defense in STX-Producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) against the Zooplankter Daphnia gessneri

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13060406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 406

Author(s):

Mauro C. P. Vilar ◽

Thiago F. C. P. Rodrigues ◽

Luan O. Silva ◽

Ana Beatriz F. Pacheco ◽

Aloysio S. Ferrão-Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Induced Defense ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Grazing Pressure ◽

Chemical Defenses ◽

Widespread Occurrence ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Freshwater Bodies ◽

Predator Response ◽

Aquatic Food ◽

Shed Light

Cyanobacteria stand out among phytoplankton when they form massive blooms and produce toxins. Because cyanotoxin genes date to the origin of metazoans, the hypothesis that cyanotoxins function as a defense against herbivory is still debated. Although their primary cellular function might vary, these metabolites could have evolved as an anti-predator response. Here we evaluated the physiological and molecular responses of a saxitoxin-producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii to infochemicals released by the grazer Daphnia gessneri. Induced chemical defenses were evidenced in R. raciborskii as a significant increase in the transcription level of sxt genes, followed by an increase in saxitoxin content when exposed to predator cues. Moreover, cyanobacterial growth decreased, and no significant effects on photosynthesis or morphology were observed. Overall, the induced defense response was accompanied by a trade-off between toxin production and growth. These results shed light on the mechanisms underlying zooplankton–cyanobacteria interactions in aquatic food webs. The widespread occurrence of the cyanobacterium R. raciborskii in freshwater bodies has been attributed to its phenotypic plasticity. Assessing the potential of this species to thrive over interaction filters such as zooplankton grazing pressure can enhance our understanding of its adaptive success.

Download Full-text