Observations of poor swimming performance among hatchery-reared rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry G. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Swimming Performance and Behavior of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and White Perch (Morone americana): Effects of Attaching Telemetry Transmitters

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest J. Mellas ◽  
James M. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Morone Americana ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dominant Fish ◽  
And Behavior

Implicit in biotelemetry studies is the assumption that transmitter attachment does not affect fish behavior or performance. We conducted experiments to determine effects of external, surgical, and stomach tag attachments on the swimming performance and behavior of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and white perch (Morone americana). Only one rainbow trout changed dominance rank after dummy tag attachment. Subordinate fish had significantly lower weights than subdominant and dominant fish, but there were no significant differences in exhaustion times. Externally tagged trout had significantly lower exhaustion times than other tagged groups and controls. There was no significant difference in exhaustion times among tagged white perch and controls. Externally and surgically tagged perch contracted serious fungal infections during a 45-d survival study; however, few disease and no survival problems among tagged and untagged rainbow trout were noted up to 21 d. With all factors taken into account, it appears that stomach tagging is the best method of transmitter attachment, except when regurgitation and/or stomach atrophy are likely to be encountered.

Differences in Swimming Performance Among Strains of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. Thomas ◽  
Michael J. Donahoo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Performance Profiles

Swimming performance profiles, relating fish size to swimming time, were established for three strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). No differences were found in slope of regressions; only in level at each size of fish. Swimming performances of New Zealand and Sand Creek strains did not differ, but were superior to the Manchester strain. In stamina results from 189-day-old fish from individual matings of seven strains and various crosses, similar strains and crosses had closely matching profiles whereas profiles of unrelated groups were variable. Comparison of slowest, average, and fastest growing fish within the New Zealand strain showed that swimming ability was not related to growth rate.

On the Function of the White Muscles in Teleosts at Intermediate Swimming Speeds

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD C. L. HUDSON
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Electrical Activities ◽  
Tail Beat ◽  
Increased Activity

1. The swimming performance of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and the electrical activities, recorded extracellularly, of its red and mosaic muscles have been studied at different swimming speeds. 2. A linear relationship was found between the specific velocity (body lengths/sec) and the frequency of tail beating at frequencies up to 5/sec. 3. The red muscles are active at all swimming speeds at which the fish swim by tail oscillations. Discharges from this muscle decrease in duration with frequency up to 3.5-5.0 beats/sec and then increase while the interburst interval decreases linearly with tail-beat frequency. 4. Mosaic muscle becomes active at 3.05-3.60 tail beats/sec and increases slightly with increasing frequency of tail oscillations. Greatly increased activity was recorded in response to struggling and rapid accelerations. 5. The white (mosaic) muscle mass of teleosts is concluded to be involved at intermediate swimming speeds and to be active at the higher range of cruising speeds.

scholarly journals Oxygen Consumption and Swimming Performance in Hypoxia-Acclimated Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri

1984 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. BUSHNELL ◽  
J. F. STEFFENSEN ◽  
K. JOHANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Normoxic Control

1. Swimming performance and oxygen consumption of normoxic (control) and hypoxia-acclimated (P002=40 mmHg) rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, were monitored at >145, 60 and 40mmHg. 2. Maximum swimming velocity at 40mmHg was reduced from >54.8cm s−1 to 41.4cm s1 in controls and to 40.6 cm s−1 in hypoxiaacclimated fish. 3. Normoxic oxygen consumption of control fish ranged from 97.5 mg O2 kg−1 h−1(5.5cm s−1) to 318.5 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 (54.8 cm s−1) and did not differ significantly from that of hypoxia-acclimated fish in normoxia. 4. Reduction of ambient P002 from normoxia to 60mmHg or 40mmHg did not significantly change oxygen consumption in control animals, although no fish (control or hypoxia acclimated) completed swimming trials at 54.8cm s−1 in 40mmHg. 5. Oxygen consumption of hypoxia-acclimated fish at 5.5cm s−1 and 40 mmHg was significantly higher than oxygen uptake in normoxia at the same speed. This relative increase was not maintained, however, as oxygen consumption at higher swimming speeds was similar to that in normoxia. 6. Blood studies showed that hypoxia-acclimated fish had lower ATP concentrations and P50 values. While these factors may increase the blood oxygen loading capacity, the change is apparently not enough markedly to improve swimming performance or oxygen consumption in hypoxia and/or exercise.

Sublethal Toxicity of Cyanide to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) at Different Temperatures

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1389-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Gérard Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Sublethal Toxicity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Flow Through

At sublethal levels cyanide was more potent at lower temperatures. This was verified in 20-d laboratory growth experiments carried out on juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in flow-through aquaria maintained at 6, 12, and 18 °C. Cyanide concentrations in the range of 0.005–0.045 mg∙L−1 HCN significantly reduced growth rates (wet weight, dry weight, and fat), the effective concentrations increasing with temperature. Some adaptation to cyanide seemed to occur as manifested by faster growth rates. Liver glycogen and lactic acid monitored for 20 d in rainbow trout exposed to 0.015 mg∙L−1 HCN showed an initial shift towards glycolysis, followed by a return to aerobic respiration. This response, however, varied with temperatures. Previous exposure to cyanide markedly reduced swimming performance of the fish tested at their acclimation temperatures, but in the absence of the toxicant. The effect also increased with decreasing temperatures.Key words: cyanide, sublethal toxicity, rainbow trout, temperature, growth, swimming, liver metabolites

scholarly journals The Effect of Hypoxia and Anaemia on the Swimming Performance of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID R. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Water Tunnel ◽  
Significant Difference

1. A series of increasing water-velocity tests in a water tunnel has been used to investigate the maximum swimming performance of two groups of rainbow trout, one acclimated to high temperature (21-23 °C) and the other to low temperature (8-10 °C). 2. At temperatures close to their acclimation temperatures there was no significant difference between the maximum swimming speeds of the two groups of trout. 3. Exposure to an environmental oxygen tension of half the air-saturation value resulted in a 43 % reduction in maximum swimming performance at low temperature and a 30 % reduction at high temperature compared with normal animals. 4. Reduction in haematocrit to one-half or one-third normal resulted in a 34% reduction in maximum swimming speed at low temperature and a 40% reduction at high temperature compared with control animals (blank injected). 5. The results are discussed in terms of whether fish can be assumed to be in a steady state at all velocities below the critical velocity and whether it is possible to attribute the differences in performance, during anaemia and hypoxia, to increased metabolic cost of the cardiac and branchial pumps.

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