Ultrastructural investigations of Arbutus unedo-Laccaria amethystea mycorrhiza synthesized in vitro

Trees ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babette M�nzenberger ◽  
Ingrid Kottke ◽  
Franz Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Laccaria Amethystea

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Arbutus Unedo L. Endophytic Bacteria Isolated From Wild and Cultivated Trees for the Biological Control of Phytophthora

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Martins ◽  
Aitana Aires ◽  
Vinicius Casais ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Strawberry Tree

Arbutus unedo L. is a resilient tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. Besides its ecological relevance, it is vital for local economies as a fruit tree. Several microorganisms are responsible for strawberry tree diseases leading to production constrictions. Thus, the development of alternative plant protection strategies is necessary and bacteria endophytes may increase their host overall fitness and productivity. As agricultural practices are a driving factor of microbiota, this paper aimed to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from strawberry tree leaves from plants growing spontaneously in a natural environment as well as from plants growing on orchards. 62 endophytes were isolated from leaves and identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus. Although a slightly higher number of species was found in wild plants, no differences in terms of diversity indexes were found. Sixteen isolates were tested in vitro for their antagonistic effect against A. unedo mycopathogens. B. cereus was the most effective antagonist causing a growth reduction of 20% in Glomerella cingulata and 40% in Phytophthora cinnamomi and Mycosphaerella aurantia. Also, several endophytic isolates exhibited plant growth-promoting potential. This study provides insights into the diversity of endophytic bacteria in A. unedo leaves and their potential role as growth-promoters and pathogen antagonists.

Anti-platelet aggregation effects of extracts from Arbutus unedo leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Haouari ◽  
Hassane Mekhfi
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Rat Platelets

It is well known that platelet hyperactivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke and myocardial infarction. This study aimed to examine the effects of extracts enriched in flavonoids obtained from Arbutus unedo leaves on platelet aggregation. Rat platelets were prepared and incubated in vitro with different doses of the tested extracts, and aggregation was trigged by physiological agonists. Platelet treatment with increasing concentrations (0.1 - 1 mg/ml) of diethyl ether extract (genins = free flavonoids) or ethyl acetate extract (hetrosidic flavonoids) inhibited platelet aggregation evoked by thrombin in a concentration-dependant manner. The IC50 values were 0.22 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.05 mg/ml for genins and heterosidic flavonoids respectively. Treatment with Arbutus unedo extracts also significantly reduced the initial rate of platelet aggregation. At 1 mg/ml, the rate inhibition was 97.8 ± 0.74 and 90.8 ± 1.55 % for genins and heterosidic flavonoids respectively. In addition, flavonoids significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen or epinephrine. We conclude that Arbutus unedo extracts show antiaggregant effects due mainly to flavonoids. These results may partly explain the traditional use of Arbutus unedo leaves for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal synthesis between Pisolithus arhizus and adult clones of Arbutus unedo in vitro and in nursery

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomena Gomes ◽  
Helena Machado ◽  
Esteban San Martin ◽  
A. Portugal ◽  
Jorge M. Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Mycorrhizal Synthesis ◽  
Pisolithus Arhizus

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild Arbutus unedo L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1785
Author(s):  
Valentina Macchioni ◽  
Veronica Santarelli ◽  
Katya Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Nonparametric Correlation

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in botanicals for human nutrition and care. Arbutus unedo wild berries are edible and medicinal fruits that contain many healthy bioactive components, which can be considered a valuable resource for the food ingredient market and for nutraceutical and cosmetic sectors. In the present study, the polyphenols and in vitro antiradical and hypoglycemic activities of five wild Italian accessions of A. unedo were investigated, and their chemical profiles were treated by means of unsupervised chemometric techniques like the hierarchical and principal component analysis. Moreover, Fourier-transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to provide a rapid assessment of the phytochemical composition of different accessions. Samples differed mainly in their anthocyanin content and overall nutraceutical potential. Anthocyanins were present mainly as glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, with delphinidin-3-O-glucoside being the most abundant one, ranging from 49 ± 1 to 111 ± 3 mg g−1 (for P1 and P2, respectively; p < 0.05). Extracts were screened for their in vitro biological activities by using the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) antiradical tests, while their hypoglycemic activity was investigated by the α-glucosidase inhibition test. In both in vitro antiradical tests, the highest capacity was recorded for P2 (EC50: 1.17 and 0.064 mg mL−1, for DPPH• and ABTS•+, respectively), with values higher than those reported in the literature for A. unedo fruit extracts. P2 also showed the highest inhibition power towards α-glucosidase (about 70%). Moreover, the nonparametric correlation analysis pointed out a very high significant correlation between the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (r: 0.973; p < 0.01). Finally, the application of hierarchical analysis to samples analyzed provided three different clusters based on the average phytochemical content coded as low, medium and high. Moreover, principal component analysis made it possible to establish similarities among the accessions depending on their overall nutraceutical characteristics and on the relative anthocyanin content.

scholarly journals In vitro Activity of Arbutus unedo Aqueous Extract against Leishmania infantum Promastigote

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Idir Moualek ◽  
Abdelkamel Mouloua ◽  
Ghenima Aiche ◽  
Abdenassar Harrar ◽  
Nacima Achour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Arbutus Unedo

Study of physiological and biochemical events leading to vitrification of Arbutus unedo L. cultured in vitro

Trees ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário P. Marques ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho ◽  
Mónica R. Zuzarte ◽  
Ricardo M. F. da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Arbutus unedo L. Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Wild and Cultivated Trees for the Biological Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
João Martins ◽  
Aitana Ares ◽  
Vinicius Casais ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Strawberry Tree

Arbutus unedo L. is a resilient tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. Besides its ecological relevance, it is vital for local economies as a fruit tree. Several microorganisms are responsible for strawberry tree diseases, leading to production constrictions. Thus, the development of alternative plant protection strategies is necessary, such as bacterial endophytes, which may increase their host’s overall fitness and productivity. As agricultural practices are a driving factor of microbiota, this paper aimed to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from strawberry tree leaves from plants growing spontaneously in a natural environment as well as from plants growing in orchards. A total of 62 endophytes were isolated from leaves and identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus. Although a slightly higher number of species was found in wild plants, no differences in terms of diversity indexes were found. Sixteen isolates were tested in vitro for their antagonistic effect against A. unedo mycopathogens. B. cereus was the most effective antagonist causing a growth reduction of 20% in Glomerella cingulata and 40% in Phytophthora cinnamomi and Mycosphaerella aurantia. Several endophytic isolates also exhibited plant growth-promoting potential. This study provides insights into the diversity of endophytic bacteria in A. unedo leaves and their potential role as growth promoters and pathogen antagonists.

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