scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Arbutus unedo L. Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Wild and Cultivated Trees for the Biological Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
João Martins ◽  
Aitana Ares ◽  
Vinicius Casais ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Strawberry Tree

Arbutus unedo L. is a resilient tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. Besides its ecological relevance, it is vital for local economies as a fruit tree. Several microorganisms are responsible for strawberry tree diseases, leading to production constrictions. Thus, the development of alternative plant protection strategies is necessary, such as bacterial endophytes, which may increase their host’s overall fitness and productivity. As agricultural practices are a driving factor of microbiota, this paper aimed to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from strawberry tree leaves from plants growing spontaneously in a natural environment as well as from plants growing in orchards. A total of 62 endophytes were isolated from leaves and identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus. Although a slightly higher number of species was found in wild plants, no differences in terms of diversity indexes were found. Sixteen isolates were tested in vitro for their antagonistic effect against A. unedo mycopathogens. B. cereus was the most effective antagonist causing a growth reduction of 20% in Glomerella cingulata and 40% in Phytophthora cinnamomi and Mycosphaerella aurantia. Several endophytic isolates also exhibited plant growth-promoting potential. This study provides insights into the diversity of endophytic bacteria in A. unedo leaves and their potential role as growth promoters and pathogen antagonists.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Arbutus Unedo L. Endophytic Bacteria Isolated From Wild and Cultivated Trees for the Biological Control of Phytophthora

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Martins ◽  
Aitana Aires ◽  
Vinicius Casais ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Strawberry Tree

Arbutus unedo L. is a resilient tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. Besides its ecological relevance, it is vital for local economies as a fruit tree. Several microorganisms are responsible for strawberry tree diseases leading to production constrictions. Thus, the development of alternative plant protection strategies is necessary and bacteria endophytes may increase their host overall fitness and productivity. As agricultural practices are a driving factor of microbiota, this paper aimed to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from strawberry tree leaves from plants growing spontaneously in a natural environment as well as from plants growing on orchards. 62 endophytes were isolated from leaves and identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus. Although a slightly higher number of species was found in wild plants, no differences in terms of diversity indexes were found. Sixteen isolates were tested in vitro for their antagonistic effect against A. unedo mycopathogens. B. cereus was the most effective antagonist causing a growth reduction of 20% in Glomerella cingulata and 40% in Phytophthora cinnamomi and Mycosphaerella aurantia. Also, several endophytic isolates exhibited plant growth-promoting potential. This study provides insights into the diversity of endophytic bacteria in A. unedo leaves and their potential role as growth-promoters and pathogen antagonists.

scholarly journals Metabolites produced by antagonistic microbes inhibit the principal avocado pathogens in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ramírez R. ◽  
Julián David Arias M. ◽  
Juan Carlos Bedoya ◽  
Ever Antoni Rueda L. ◽  
Claudia Yaneth Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Enhance Activity

<p>The demand for Hass avocado in the global market exceeds the supply by over 50%. Colombia has a remarkable advantage as a producer in the region due to its high yields. However, the productivity of this crop can be seriously affected by diseases such as root rot, caused by <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi,</em>  postharvest body rot and stem end rot, caused by <em>Colletotrichum</em> sp. and <em>Phomopsis</em> sp., respectively. The potential of 76 bacterial isolates obtained from avocado rhizosphere to produce inhibitory metabolites against avocado´s pathogens was evaluated. The antagonistic effect of the rhizobacteria against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>, <em>Colletotrichum </em>sp. and <em>Phomopsis</em> sp. was tested through dual cultures. Thirty-six percent of the tested isolates presented inhibition halos against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>, 36% against <em>Colletotrichum</em> sp. and 67% against <em>Phomopsis</em> sp. Additionally, three isolates were selected for fermentation tests using different broth cultures. The extracts obtained from fermentations in the minimal medium of isolates ARP5.1 and AED06 showed inhibitory activity against the evaluated pathogens, but this effect was not observed with the AED26 extract. The media supplemented with copper chloride did not enhance activity of the extracts. These results suggest that using microbial metabolic extracts is a viable alternative for controlling avocado pathogens<em> in vitro</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Bioprospecting of endophytic bacteria (Bacillus spp.) from passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa) for plant growth promotion

2019 ◽  
pp. 1369-1374
Author(s):  
Clayton dos Santos Silva ◽  
Jockeliny Mayara Camara dos Santos ◽  
João Manoel da Silva ◽  
Felipe Alexandre Tenório ◽  
Erica Livea Ferreira Guedes Celestino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Plant Growth Promoters ◽  
Passiflora Edulis Sims

Endophytic bacteria has been reported as plant growth promoters in various cultivated and uncultivated plants. Thus, the objective onf this study was to evaluate the potential of 21 endophytic bacterial isolated from leaves of passionfruit plants (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa). In vitro antagonism, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, gibberellins, cytokines and phosphate solubilization were also tested. In vitro antagonism was investigated using volatile metabolites detection by means of the overlapping dishes technique and direct confrontation. The production of IAA was evaluated by means of the colorimetric method with the absorbance reading of the optical density at O.D. (550nm). The phosphate solubilization was measured in a qualitative method by reading the solubilization halo diameter and the quantitative evaluation in liquid medium and reading of O.D. (450 nm). All bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Phytophthora sp. in both methods with values ranging from 50% to >90% inhibition (Skott-Knott, p ≤0 0.05). All the tested endophytic bacteria were also able to produce plant hormones. The phosphate solubilization was more than mean of the liquid medium. Thus, the studied endophytic bacterial isolates are suggested as potential plant growth promoters.

scholarly journals Endophytic bacteria associated with rice roots from suboptimal land as plant growth promoters

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Prihatiningsih ◽  
HERU ADI DJATMIKO ◽  
PUJI LESTARI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Plant Growth Promoters ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Djatmiko HA, Lestari P. 2021. Endophytic bacteria associated with rice roots from suboptimal land as plant growth promoters. Biodiversitas 22: 432-437. Endophytic bacteria directly promoted plant growth and undirectly control the pathogens. This research was aimed to evaluate endophytic bacteria associated with rice root and their activity to promote plant growth and to control rice diseases. The study was conducted at the Laboratorium of Plant Protection and experimental farm Faculty of Agriculture Jenderal Soedirman University, from April to August 2020. The endophytic bacterial from suboptimal land were evaluated for promoting plant growth with soaking seed before seedling and spraying them at 10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting. The experiment was arranged with six replications and four treatments namely control (untreated endophytic bacteria) SM1 (endophytic bacteria isolate from Somagede); SB1 and SB3 (from Sumbang). Xanthomonas oyzae pv. oryzae was nature inoculation because the experiment location is in the endemic category of bacterial leaf blight. The variables observed were the plant growth components i.e plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate and effectiveness control. The result of this research shows that endophytic bacteria from Somagede (SM1) is the best to enhance plant height and number of tillers, and suppress disease intensity, and delay of incubation period.

Comparative Advantage of Using Biopesticides in Ukrainian Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasrat Arjjumend ◽  
Konstantia Koutouki ◽  
Olga Donets
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Irreversible Damage

The use of unsustainable levels of chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals has resulted in a steady decline in soil and crop productivity the world over. Soil biology has undergone irreversible damage, coupled with a high concentration of toxic chemical residues in plant tissues and human bodies. Agricultural practices must evolve to sustainably meet the growing global demand for food without irreversibly damaging soil. Microbial biocontrol agents have tremendous potential to bring sustainability to agriculture in a way that is safe for the environment. Biopesticides do not kill non-target insects, and biosafety is ensured because biopesticides act as antidotes and do not lead to chemical contamination in the soil. This article is part of a larger study conducted in Ukraine by researchers at the Université de Montréal with the support of Mitacs and Earth Alive Clean Technologies. The responses of farmers who use biofertilizers (“user farmers”) and those who do not (“non-user farmers”), along with the responses of manufacturers or suppliers of biofertilizers, and research and development (R&D) scientists are captured to demonstrate the advantages of applying microbial biopesticides to field crops. Participants reported a 15-30% increase in yields and crop production after the application of biopesticides. With the use of biopesticides, farmers cultivated better quality fruits, grains, and tubers with a longer shelf life. Moreover, while the risk of crop loss remains high (60-70%) with chemically grown crops, this risk is reduced to 33% on average if crops are grown using biopesticides. The findings indicate that a large proportion of farmers would prefer to use biopesticides if they are effective and high quality products. In this context, the quality and effectiveness of products is therefore very important. Despite their benefits to soil, human health, and ecosystems, biopesticides face significant challenges and competition vis-à-vis synthetic pesticides for a variety of reasons. Therefore, the development of biopesticides must overcome the problems of poor quality products, short shelf life, delayed action, high market costs, and legal/registration issues.

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