Large- and small-scale effects of habitat structure on rates of predation: how percent coverage of seagrass affects rates of predation and siphon nipping on an infaunal bivalve

Oecologia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Irlandi
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infaunal Bivalve

scholarly journals Double mode model of size-dependent chaotic vibrations of nanoplates based on the nonlocal elasticity theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Awrejcewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Kudra ◽  
Olga Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Elasticity Theory ◽  
Nonlocal Elasticity ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Nonlocal Parameter ◽  
Nonlocal Elasticity Theory ◽  
Phase Portraits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Governing System ◽  
Account Due

AbstractIn this paper vibrations of the isotropic micro/nanoplates subjected to transverse and in-plane excitation are investigated. The governing equations of the problem are based on the von Kármán plate theory and Kirchhoff–Love hypothesis. The small-size effect is taken into account due to the nonlocal elasticity theory. The formulation of the problem is mixed and employs the Airy stress function. The two-mode approximation of the deflection and application of the Bubnov–Galerkin method reduces the governing system of equations to the system of ordinary differential equations. Varying the load parameters and the nonlocal parameter, the bifurcation analysis is performed. The bifurcations diagrams, the maximum Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits as well as Poincare maps are constructed based on the numerical simulations. It is shown that for some excitation conditions the chaotic motion may occur in the system. Also, the small-scale effects on the character of vibrating regimes are illustrated and discussed.

scholarly journals Nonlinear magneto-thermo-elastic vibration of mass sensor armchair carbon nanotube resting on an elastic substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Rajendran Selvamani ◽  
M. Mahaveer Sree Jayan ◽  
Rossana Dimitri ◽  
Francesco Tornabene ◽  
Farzad Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Nonlocal Elasticity Theory ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Elastic Vibration ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dimensionless Frequency ◽  
Mass Sensors

AbstractThe present paper aims at studying the nonlinear ultrasonic waves in a magneto-thermo-elastic armchair single-walled (SW) carbon nanotube (CNT) with mass sensors resting on a polymer substrate. The analytical formulation accounts for small scale effects based on the Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The mathematical model and its differential equations are solved theoretically in terms of dimensionless frequencies while assuming a nonlinear Winkler-Pasternak-type foundation. The solution is obtained by means of ultrasonic wave dispersion relations. A parametric work is carried out to check for the effect of the nonlocal scaling parameter, together with the magneto-mechanical loadings, the foundation parameters, the attached mass, boundary conditions and geometries, on the dimensionless frequency of nanotubes. The sensitivity of the mechanical response of nanotubes investigated herein, could be of great interest for design purposes in nano-engineering systems and devices.

scholarly journals Tephra4D: A Python-Based Model for High-Resolution Tephra Transport and Deposition Simulations—Applications at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Kosei Takishita ◽  
Alexandros P. Poulidis ◽  
Masato Iguchi
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Sakurajima Volcano ◽  
Ash Transport

Vulcanian eruptions (short-lived explosions consisting of a rising thermal) occur daily in volcanoes around the world. Such small-scale eruptions represent a challenge in numerical modeling due to local-scale effects, such as the volcano’s topography impact on atmospheric circulation and near-vent plume dynamics, that need to be accounted for. In an effort to improve the applicability of Tephra2, a commonly-used advection-diffusion model, in the case of vulcanian eruptions, a number of key modifications were carried out: (i) the ability to solve the equations over bending plume, (ii) temporally-evolving three-dimensional meteorological fields, (iii) the replacement of the particle diameter distribution with observed particle terminal velocity distribution which provides a simple way to account for the settling velocity variation due to particle shape and density. We verified the advantage of our modified model (Tephra4D) in the tephra dispersion from vulcanian eruptions by comparing the calculations and disdrometer observations of tephra sedimentation from four eruptions at Sakurajima volcano, Japan. The simulations of the eruptions show that Tephra4D is useful for eruptions in which small-scale movement contributes significantly to ash transport mainly due to the consideration for orographic winds in advection.

scholarly journals Parametric vibrations of graphene sheets based on the double mode model and the nonlocal elasticity theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Awrejcewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Kudra ◽  
Olga Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Elasticity Theory ◽  
Nonlocal Elasticity ◽  
Nonlinear Oscillations ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Nonlocal Elasticity Theory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Largest Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Parametric Vibrations

AbstractParametric vibrations of the single-layered graphene sheet (SLGS) are studied in the presented work. The equations of motion govern geometrically nonlinear oscillations. The appearance of small effects is analysed due to the application of the nonlocal elasticity theory. The approach is developed for rectangular simply supported small-scale plate and it employs the Bubnov–Galerkin method with a double mode model, which reduces the problem to investigation of the system of the second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The dynamic behaviour of the micro/nanoplate with varying excitation parameter is analysed to determine the chaotic regimes. As well the influence of small-scale effects to change the nature of vibrations is studied. The bifurcation diagrams, phase plots, Poincaré sections and the largest Lyapunov exponent are constructed and analysed. It is established that the use of nonlocal equations in the dynamic analysis of graphene sheets leads to a significant alteration in the character of oscillations, including the appearance of chaotic attractors.

Mechanical Behavior of Functionally Graded Nano-Cylinders Under Radial Pressure Based on Strain Gradient Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shishesaz ◽  
M. Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Strain Gradient ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Radial Pressure ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
High Order ◽  
Strain Gradient Theory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gradient Theory

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the mechanical behavior of a functionally graded nano-cylinder under a radial pressure is investigated. Strain gradient theory is used to include the small scale effects in this analysis. The variations in material properties along the thickness direction are included based on three different models. Due to slight variations in engineering materials, the Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be constant. The governing equation and its corresponding boundary conditions are obtained using Hamilton’s principle. Due to the complexity of the governed system of differential equations, numerical methods are employed to achieve a solution. The analysis is general and can be reduced to classical elasticity if the material length scale parameters are taken to be zero. The effect of material indexn, variations in material properties and the applied internal and external pressures on the total and high-order stresses, are well examined. For the cases in which the applied external pressure at the inside (or outside) radius is zero, due to small effects in nano-cylinder, some components of the high-order radial stresses do not vanish at the boundaries. Based on the results, the material inhomogeneity indexn, as well as the selected model through which the mechanical properties may vary along the thickness, have significant effects on the radial and circumferential stresses.

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