Identification of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) RAPD markers diagnostic of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood) resistance

Abstract The efficacy of fosthiazate, a new organophosphorus compound, against the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood), thrips (Frankliniella spp.), and southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was studied for 2 years at Tifton, Georgia. Different rates and methods of applying granular and emulsifiable concentrate formulations of fosthiazate were compared with rates and methods of applying granular fenamiphos and aldicarb which were included as standard treatments. When compared with untreated controls, all treatments of all compounds increased peanut yield and reduced nematode galls on peanut roots, pods, and pegs and thrips damage to foliage significantly in both years. The treatments, however, varied in their effects on southern stem rot. Peanut yields from plots treated with equal rates of the granular and emulsifiable concentrate formulations of fosthiazate were similar. Yields of plots treated with fosthiazate at different rates compared favorably with those treated with comparable rates of fenamiphos and aldicarb. Fosthiazate increased peanut yield as much as 214% in 1990 and 64% in 1991, but yields varied with rates applied.

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Introgression of homeologous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to the root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood] in an advanced backcross-QTL population of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-014-0042-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 393-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Mark D. Burow ◽

James L. Starr ◽

Chang-Hwan Park ◽

Charles E. Simpson ◽

Andrew H. Paterson

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Advanced Backcross ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Trait Loci

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Timing of Aldicarb Applications to Control Meloidogyne arenaria in Peanut1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-6 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 73-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. R. Rich ◽

D. W. Gorbet

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Chemical Treatment ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Population Densities ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Chemical Treatments

Abstract Four fieldtrialswere conductedin northwest Florida to determine the efficacyofaldicarb appliedat varyingtime intervals after planting on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to manage the peanut root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria. Initial treatments with aldicarb (Temik 15G), fenamiphos (Nemacur 15G), and phorate (Thimet 15G) were made at planting of peanut cv. Southern Runner. The chemicals were applied as 20-cm-wide bands over the open seed furrow using a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator. Post-plant treatments were made with a Gandy applicator at time intervals from 28 to 104 dafter planting as 36-cm-wide bands over the row centers. Post-harvest M. arenaria population densities were affected little by any chemical treatment compared to the control. The efficacy of the chemical treatments was variable and averaged onlya 295-kglha yield increase for the single at-plant applications of aldicarb compared to the control. Allat-plant + post-plant aldicarb treatments increased yield over the control by an average of712 kg¡ ha. Results from these trials did not establish a single optimal time for post-plant application of aldicarb on peanut. Data from these tests, however, indicated that a post-plant aldicarb treatment can be applied latter than previously recommended in Florida.

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Introgression analysis of an interspecific hybrid population in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) using RFLP and RAPD markers

Genome ◽

10.1139/g95-021 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 166-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

G. M. Garcia ◽

H. T. Stalker ◽

G. Kochert

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Introgression Lines ◽

Hybrid Population ◽

Rflp Markers ◽

Alien Gene Transfer ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Alien Gene ◽

Chromosome Segments

Forty-six introgression lines (F10C9) from a cross between Arachis hypogaea L. (2n = 4x = 40) and A. cardenasii Krapov. &W.C. Gregory (2n = 2x = 20) were analyzed for the introgression of A. cardenasii chromosome segments. Seventy-three RFLP probes and 70 RAPD primers, expressing from one to four A. cardenasii-specific bands, were used to evaluate the set of introgression lines. Thirty-four RFLP probes and 45 RAPD primers identified putative A. cardenasii introgressed chromosome segments in one or more lines. Introgressed segments were detected by RFLP analysis in 10 of the 11 linkage groups; the smallest introgressed fragments were detected by single RFLP markers and the largest were detected by three or four adjacent markers and represented introgressed segments of 30–40 cM. Similar results were obtained with RAPD markers, although markers detecting introgressed fragments could not be placed on the peanut linkage map. Introgression into both A. hypogaea genomes was detected and its implication in breeding for disease resistance is discussed.Key words: peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Arachis cardenasii, RFLPs, RAPDs, introgression, reciprocal recombination, translocation, alien gene transfer, wide cross.

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Expression of Nematode Resistance in Plant Introductions of Arachis hypogaea

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-27-2-8 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 78-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. Timper ◽

C. C. Holbrook ◽

H. Q. Xue

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Feeding Site ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Cultivated Peanut ◽

Race 1 ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Resistant Genotypes

Abstract The peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria, race 1) is a world-wide pest of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Several moderately resistant genotypes have been identified in the cultivated peanut species. Our objective was to determine the expression of resistance for six of these genotypes. We examined four potential expressions of resistance—(a) fewer second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrate the roots, (b) fewer J2 establish functional feeding sites, (c) slower maturation, and (d) reduced fecundity (eggs per female). Seedlings of the susceptible cultivar Florunner and the resistant genotypes were inoculated with J2 of M. arenaria, and transplanted 3 d later to synchronize nematode development. Penetration was assessed at 3 and 10 d; development at 10 (or 12), 17, 22, and 27 d; and fecundity at 60 d after inoculation. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse or growth chamber. The number of J2 within the roots was similar in resistant and susceptible peanut after 3 d; however, numbers were lower in two of the resistant genotypes than in Florunner after 10 d. A greater percentage of J2 failed to develop in all of the resistant genotypes (72 to 79%) than in Florunner (50%) after 17 d. Of the J2 that did begin to develop, the rate of maturation and fecundity was similar in resistant and susceptible genotypes. A lack of development indicates that the J2 failed to establish a feeding site. Therefore, the primary expression of resistance in the six peanut genotypes appears to be a reduction in the percentage of J2 that establish a functional feeding site. The decline in J2 after infection may be related to the failure to establish a feeding site.

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Geographical Distribution of Genetic Diversity in Arachis hypogaea

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-8 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 80-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. C. Holbrook ◽

T. G. Isleib

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Cercospora Arachidicola ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Race 1 ◽

The U.S

Abstract The U.S. maintains a large (> 8000 accessions) and genetically diverse collection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm. It is costly to screen all accessions within this collection for traits that could be useful in cultivar development. The objective of this research was to identify countries of origin that are rich sources of resistance to important peanut diseases. This would allow peanut breeders to focus their efforts on smaller subsets of the germplasm collection. Accessions in the peanut core collection were evaluated for resistance to late (Cercosporidium personatum Berk. & M. A. Curtis) and early (Cercospora arachidicola Hori) leaf spot, tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus (TSWV), the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1], and Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR)[Cylindrocladium crotalarie (Loos) Bell & Sobers]. These data then were examined to determine if genes for resistance clustered geographically. Several geographical areas that appear to be rich sources for disease-resistant genes were identified. China had a relatively large number of accessions with resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode. Peru appeared to be a rich source of material with resistance to CBR. Resistance to late leaf spot was more frequent than expected in accessions from Bolivia and Ecuador. Bolivia was also a valuable source of resistance to early leaf spot. Early leaf spot resistance also was more prevalent than expected in accessions from India, Nigeria, and Sudan. India, Israel, and Sudan were valuable origins for material with resistance to TSWV. Accessions with multiple disease resistance were most common in India, Mozambique, and Senegal. This information should enable plant breeders to utilize more efficiently the genes for disease resistance that are available in the U.S. germplasm collection.

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