Serum Amylase Level in Acute Organophosphorus Compound Poisoning in a Tertiary Level Hospital

Background: Organophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning is an important clinical problem in the developing world and kills an estimated 3,00,000 people every year. In spite of high case fatality rate early and proper management is crucial to save the lives and alleviate the sufferings. Amylase level is an important biochemical marker, which is closely related to severity of acute OPC poisoning. Therefore, to assess Serum amylase level in acute organophosphorus compound poisoning in a tertiary level hospital was the objective of the study. Methods: This research was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study and was conducted at the inpatient department of Medicine in Dhaka Medical College. 50 Patient admitted in medicine department due to OPC poisoning and evidenced by history taking and physical examination were included in the study. Ethical issues were ensured properly. After written informed consent history and physical examination were done. Rest of the data were collected by interviewing each patient or from attendant of the patient by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Scoring of the severity were done by researcher himself by Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) scale (Score range 0 to 11). Values of amylase level were collected from patient record file. All the Data was analysed by computer with the help of SPSS 16. Results: Out of a total of 50 patients, 24 (48%) were males and 26 (52%) were females. OPC poisoning was most frequent (52%) in age group 21-30 years. Mean age was 23.96 ± 6.071 SD. 96% (48) study population were Muslim and rest 4 % (2) were Hindus with diverse occupation. 86% population came from rural area whereas only 14% population reside in urban area. Among them suicidal attempts were seen significantly which was 96% and rest of them were accidental ingestion. Amylase level estimation were done in each case and 32 % (16) patient had elevated amylase level (>100U/L) and 68% (34) patient had amylase level within normal limit. Mean amylase concentration was 62.2U/L (SD±18.77) and among the 16 patients who had elevated serum amylase level mean concentration was 376.56U/L (SD±266.124). Mean amylase level differed significantly between these two groups (p value < 0.0001) estimated by one way ANOVA. Spearman Correlation and One way ANOVA both showed significant association between severity (assessed by POP scale) and elevated level of serum amylase (p value <0.0001). Outcome analysis showed that 47 patients recovered and 3 patients died. Their mean hospital stay was 3.87 (±1.76) days and relationship between serum amylase level and duration of hospital stay and was found to be significant in chi-square analysis (p value- <0.0001). Conclusion: Hyperamylasaemia in OPC poisoning can be used an important biomarker to assess the severity of the patient which may guide the clinicians for further management. J MEDICINE 2021; 22: 119-126

Assessment of the Effect of Catosal on the Stimulation of Ovogenesis in Sterlet During Pre-spawning Period

Optimization of the process of sterlet feeding in recirculating aquaculture systems allows improving the physiological status and pre-spawning performance of fish. The addition of the organophosphorus compound Catosal based on butaphosphamide to pre-spawning feeds leads to an increase in glycogenogenesis in hepatocytes, which manifests itself as a decrease in cell and nucleus area (by 1.20 and 1.31 times), stabilization of nucleoplasmic ratios (0.28-0.25). Butaphosphamide also causes an increase in hemoglobin and serum protein concentrations by 6.1 g/L and 3.92 g/L, respectively. An increase in the live weight of sterlet by 98.0 g and an absolute increase in weight by 1.96 g associated with an improvement in hematological parameters was observed. The excess phosphorus in the form of butaphospham, which is not involved in the process of glycogenesis, is transported to gonads and stimulates vitellogenesis. The acceleration of oocyte development is determined upon reaching the optimal polarization coefficient (0.05≤Pc≤0.10, category II).

A STUDY OF HYPOKALEMIA IN ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING IN DAHOD GUJARAT

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are common pesticides used in agriculture in India. In this study, totally 24 patients had hypokalemia. Of 39 male patients,20 patients (51.3%) had hypokalemia. Of 11 female patients, 4 patients(36.4%)had hypokalemia. Of 50 patients totally, 14 had hyponatremia(<135 meq/dl) which constitutes 28%. Of this 6 patients had hypokalemia which accounts for 42.9%of hyponatremia.Of 24 patients with hypokalemia this 6 cases of hyponatremia accounts for 25%. Hypokalemia increases both morbidity and mortality in organophosphorus compound poisoning significantly.Hypokalemia can be used as a reliable and a cost effective marker of morbidity and mortality in organophosphorus compound poisoning

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF TWO TYPES OF FIRE RETARDANTS ON THE FLAMMABILITY OF EPOXY RESIN SAMPLES

Studies have been carried out to assess the effectiveness of fire retardants on the flammability of an epoxy composition – graphene and an organophosphorus compound DOPO-THPO. The concentrations of the added flame retardants were 2 and 4 % (mass). Flammability characteristics were determined using the method according to GOST 28157 (UL 94) with vertical and horizontal samples. It was found that the introduction of fire retardants reduces the flammability of the epoxy composition, but the introduction of even 4 % was insufficient to ensure self-extinguishing of the epoxy composition during vertical testing.

Unravelling the Poisoning Cases Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital - A Retrospective Study

BACKGROUND Accidental and intentional poisoning are major preventable contributors to death and illness. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, 0.3 million people die every year due to various poisoning agents. Earlier the initial resuscitation, gastric decontamination, and use of specific antidotes, better the outcome. In order to improve clinical management, proper planning and prevention is. This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the pattern of acute poisoning cases in that region. METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted among 57 patients with poisoning admitted over a 2-year period. Data was collected from ICU registry and Medical Records Department, ESIC MH. RESULTS Females represented 59.6 % (n = 57). Most of our patients were in the age group 18 – 28 yrs. (35.08 %). Notably majority of the cases had consumed organophosphorus compounds (25 patients, 43.85 %) and tablets (22 patients, 38.60 %). Majority (22 patients, 38.59 %) stayed at ICU for less than three days; overall mortality from all poisoning was low (2 patients, 3.50 %). CONCLUSIONS Use of organophosphorus compound and tablets for intentional poisoning continues to be pervasive in India. Education on poison, counselling and strict pesticide and drugs regulation laws will reduce the incidence of this public health problem. KEYWORDS Organophosphorus Compound, Poisoning, Mortality