Water chemistry in forested catchments after topsoil treatment with liming agents in South Sweden

Abstract. A large part of the spatial variation of stream water chemistry can be related to inputs from headwater streams. In order to understand and analyse the dominant processes taking place in small and heterogeneous catchments, accurate data with high spatial and temporal resolution is necessary. In most cases, the quality and resolution of available map data are considered too poor to be used in environmental assessments and modelling of headwater stream chemistry. In this study 18 forested catchments (1–4 km2) were selected within a 120×50 km region in the county of Värmland in western Sweden. The aim was to test if topographic and vegetation variables derived from official datasets were correlated to stream water chemistry, primarily the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but also Al, Fe and Si content. GIS was used to analyse the elevation characteristics, generate topographic indices, and calculate the percentage of wetlands and a number of vegetation classes. The results clearly show that topography has a major influence on stream water chemistry. There were strong correlations between mean slope and percentage wetland, percentage wetland and DOC, mean slope and DOC, and a very strong correlation between mean topographic wetness index (TWI) and DOC. The conclusion was that official topographic data, despite uncertain or of low quality and resolution, could be useful in the prediction of headwater DOC-concentration in boreal forested catchments.

Download Full-text

Relations between topography, wetlands, vegetation cover and stream water chemistry in boreal headwater catchments in Sweden

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-5-1191-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1191-1226 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.-O. Andersson ◽

L. Nyberg

Keyword(s):

Water Chemistry ◽

Stream Water ◽

Major Influence ◽

Temporal Data ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Topographic Wetness Index ◽

Forested Catchments ◽

Stream Water Chemistry ◽

Si Content ◽

Map Data

Abstract. A large part of the spatial variation of stream water chemistry is found in headwater streams and small catchments. To understand the dominant processes, taking place in small and heterogeneous catchments, spatial and temporal data with high resolution is needed. In most cases available map data has too low quality and resolution to successfully be used in environmental assessments and modelling. In this study 18 forested catchments (1–4 km2) were selected within a 120×50 km area in the county of Värmland in western Sweden. The aim was to test if topographic and vegetation variables derived from official datasets were correlated to stream water chemistry, represented by DOC, Al, Fe and Si content. A GIS was used to analyse the elevation characteristics, generate topographic indices and calculate the percentage of wetlands and a number of vegetation classes. The results clearly show that the topography has a major influence on the occurrence of wetlands, which has a major influence on stream water chemistry. There were very strong correlations between mean slope and percentage wetland, percentage wetland and DOC, mean slope and DOC and mean topographic wetness index and DOC. The conclusion was that official topographic data, despite uncertain or low quality and resolution, could be useful in the prediction of headwater chemistry in boreal forested catchments.

Download Full-text

Spatial and temporal patterns in total phosphorus in south-central Ontario streams: the role of wetlands and past disturbance

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2012-0474 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 766-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Heather D. O'Brien ◽

M. Catherine Eimers ◽

Shaun A. Watmough ◽

Nora J. Casson

Keyword(s):

Water Chemistry ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Forested Catchments ◽

The Past ◽

Research Priority ◽

South Central ◽

Longitudinal Measurements ◽

Wetland Cover

Unraveling the cause(s) of declines in total phosphorus (TP) observed over the past three decades across many forested catchments in central Ontario remains a research priority. The objectives of this paper were firstly to test the assumption that weir water chemistry is representative of catchment changes at two adjacent headwater streams that have shown declines in TP and secondly use long-term measurements of weir water quality (1980–2008) to identify potential drivers of TP declines. Longitudinal measurements confirmed that weir water chemistry is generally representative of the entire stream channel, although channel-associated wetlands have a strong influence on TP. Additionally, processes operating in wetlands dictate seasonal patterns in TP, and differences in wetland cover explain the approximately twofold difference in average TP between the two catchments. Changes in wetland cover or processes, however, cannot explain declines in TP. Rather, declines in TP are most coherent with declines in stream potassium (K) and nitrate (NO3-N), which also occurred over the past 30 years. We suggest that coincident declines in TP, NO3-N, and K may be best explained by recovery from a disturbance event.

Download Full-text

Effect of deforestation on water chemistry in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in southern Poland

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Land Reclamation ◽

10.1515/sggw-2017-0018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 223-235

Author(s):

Mirosław Żelazny ◽

Amanda Kosmowska ◽

Tomasz Stańczyk ◽

Maria Mickiewicz

Keyword(s):

Water Chemistry ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Water Samples ◽

Stream Water ◽

Plant Root ◽

Forested Catchments ◽

Electrolytic Conductance ◽

Southern Poland ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Wind Events

Abstract Effect of deforestation on water chemistry in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in southern Poland. Bark beetle infestation is a leading source of local tree stand damage in Tatra National Park. In addition, hurricane-force winds also cause damage to tree stands, as in the case of the 2013 wind event in the Kopki Kościeliskie area of the Kościeliska Valley. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of deforestation on seasonal changes in water chemistry, especially in the case of nitrate. The research was performed in the years 2015 and 2016 in seven catchments. The total number of monthly water samples was 175. Three forested catchments were selected along with two catchments deforested by high winds, one catchment deforested due to the action of the bark beetle, and one catchment affected by several different forms of deforestation. The following four types of measurements were performed in the field: pH, electrolytic conductance (EC25°C), total mineralization (Mt). The following analyses were performed in the laboratory using DIONEX 2000 ion chromatography equipment – concentration of 14 ions in water samples: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Li+, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, PO43−, Br−, F−. The concentration of NO3− was many times higher in samples collected in deforested areas (x̅ = 16.53 mg·L−1) versus forested areas (x̅ = 3.06 mg·L−1). The share of NO3− in overall water chemistry in catchments deforested by high wind events is more than three times higher (3.25% mval·L−1) than in forested catchments (1.07% mval·L−1), and almost twice as high as that for a catchment affected by the bark beetle (1.8% mval·L−1). In fact, it is high enough that the position of the nitrate ion in the sequence of anions in the deforested catchment shifts from HCO3 > SO4 > NO3 > Cl (natural sequence occurring in forested carbonate-type catchments) to HCO3 > NO3 > SO4 > Cl. In addition, the concentration of nitrate in stream water was found to be lower during the vegetation season, which is associated with the nitrogen intake of plant root systems in the summer season.

Download Full-text

Symp. on Water Chemistry and Corrosion in Nuclear Power Plants in Asia 2003

Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan ◽

10.3327/jaesj.46.356 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 356-357

Keyword(s):

Water Chemistry ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants

Download Full-text

Formation of water chemistry in the Modonkul river under the action of mine drainage effluent

MINING INFORMATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL BULLETIN ◽

10.25018/0236-1493-2020-6-0-56-66 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-66

Author(s):

Z. I. Khazheeva ◽

S. S. Sanzhanova

Keyword(s):

Water Chemistry ◽

Mine Drainage ◽

High Concentration ◽

Catchment Basin ◽

Sulfate Anion ◽

Concentrated Flow ◽

Sodium Calcium ◽

Calcium Cation ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

The Town

The Dzhida ore field in the Zakamensk district of Buryatia features high concentration of mineralization within a small area. The Dzhida deposit is composed of complex ore. The ore field contains commercial-value primary deposits: Pervomai stockwork of molybdenum, Kholtoson tungsten lode and Inkur stockwork of tungsten. The Modonkul river catchment basin lies inside the Dzhida ore field. A real threat to the town of Zakamensk is created by manmade sand-bulk (old) tailings and slurry dump. By now, the concentrated flow of natural and man-made sand enters the low terrace and floodplain of the Modonkul river in the form of a talus train. This study is focused on the influence of the mine drainage effluent and the Inkur tributary on the water chemistry in the Modonkul river. 80 water samples were taken from the surface layer 0-0.5 m thick at five stations. Physicochemical indices of water were measured at the water sampling points, and the water chemistry was analyzed in a laboratory. In the background conditions, cations and anions in the Modonkul water chemistry range in decreasing order as follows: Са2+ > Mg2+ > Na++К+ и HCO - > SO 2- > Cl-. In the zone of mixture of natural and mine process water, the chemistry changes: from hydrocarbonate to sulfate (anion), from calcium-magnesium to sodium-calcium (cation). Downstream the natural chemistry changes to the hydrocabonate-sulfate composition, with prevailing content of calcium in cations. Iron content of water lowers 3-4 times after influx of mine effluents, while the contents of Mn, Zn, Co and Cd grow and then decrease downstream.

Download Full-text