The effects of the emissions of the Kostomuksha mining complex on the chemical composition of deposition and soil water in the surrounding pine forests

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1689-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Poikolainen ◽  
H. Lippo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Mining Complex

Frequent Prescribed Burning as a Long-term Practice in Longleaf Pine Forests Does Not Affect Detrital Chemical Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1020-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Adam Coates ◽  
Alex T. Chow ◽  
Donald L. Hagan ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
William C. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pine Forests

Precipitation, Its Chemical Composition and Effect on Soil Water in a Beech and a Spruce Forest in South Sweden

Oikos ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Nihlgård ◽  
Bengt Nihlgard
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
South Sweden

Colloidal matter in water extracts from forest soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dreves ◽  
Nils Andersen ◽  
Pieter M. Grootes ◽  
Marie-Josée Nadeau ◽  
Carl-Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Colloidal Fraction

Environmental context. Little is known about the proportion of tiny dispersed particles and true solutions in soil water although the distinction has a major influence on transport processes of organic matter, fertiliser and pollutants in soils and thus, e.g., on carbon storage, and its role in global warming. Our study has found a noticeable amount of tiny particles (range 17 nm to 1.0 μm) in filtered soil water, that have a different chemical composition and a lower bioavailability of their organic components in comparison to the soluble part. This significant occurrence and the ecological relevance of colloids for the transport and storage of soil constituents highlights the need to partition soil water content into ‘particulate’ and ‘dissolved’ since the access to soil pores determines particle transport. Abstract. Water-extracted organic matter (WEOM) is widely used as a surrogate for natural organic matter in soil water in the investigation of soil carbon dynamics. Information about the dissolved or colloidal nature of the organic matter is scarce since dissolved organic matter (DOM) is simply operationally defined by filtration: ‘DOM is what passes through the filter’. Water extracts of two topsoil horizons from both a deciduous (Steinkreuz) and a coniferous (Rotthalmünster) forest, located in Bavaria (Germany), were filtered through a 1-μm quartz filter and analysed regarding the amount of colloids in the range ~17 nm to 1.0 μm, the chemical composition and the radiocarbon concentration of both the colloidal and the dissolved fraction separated by high-speed centrifugation. Up to 13.9 wt-% of the total charge of the water extracts belongs to the colloidal fraction. The colloidal fraction has a higher relative proportion of metals and older organic C than the dissolved fraction. This demonstrates the dual nature of WEOM and the need for a more careful definition of DOM.

scholarly journals Fluxes of carbon dioxide at Thetford Forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jarvis ◽  
J. B. Stewart ◽  
P. Meir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Air Temperatures

Abstract. The Thetford Project (1968–1976) was a keystone project for the newly established Institute of Hydrology. Its primary objective was to elucidate the processes underlying evaporation of transpired water and intercepted rainfall from plantation forest, so as to explain hydrological observations that more water was apparently returned to the atmosphere from plantations than from grassland and heathland. The primary approach was to determine the fluxes of water vapour from a stand of Scots pine, situated within a larger area of plantations of Scots and Corsican pine, in Thetford Forest, East Anglia, UK, using the Bowen ratio approach. In 1976, advantage was taken of the methodology developed to add measurement of profiles of carbon dioxide concentration so as to enable the fluxes of CO2 also to be calculated. A team from Aberdeen and Edinburgh Universities collected 914 hours of 8-point CO2 concentration profiles, largely between dawn and dusk, on days from March to October, and the data from an "elite" data set of 710 hours have been analysed. In conditions of moderate temperature (<25°C) and specific humidity deficit (<15 g kg−1 with high solar irradiance (>500 W m−2), CO2 uptake reached relatively high rates for pine of up to 20 µmol m−2 s−1 in the middle of the day. This rate of CO2 uptake is higher than has been recently found for four Scots pine forests in continental Europe during July 1997. However, the year of 1976 was exceptionally hot and dry, with air temperatures reaching 30°C and the water deficit in the top 3 m of soil at the site of 152 mm by August. Air temperatures of over 25°C led to large specific humidity deficits, approaching 20 g kg−1, and associated severe reductions in CO2 uptake, as well as in evaporation. However, when specific humidity deficits dropped below c. 15 g kg−1 on succeeding days, generally as a result of lower air temperatures rather than lower solar irradiance, there was rapid recovery in both uptake and evaporation, thus indicating that the large soil water deficit was not the main cause of the reductions in the CO2 and water fluxes. Based on earlier analysis of evaporation data on completely dry days, the concurrent reductions in CO2 flux and evaporation are largely attributable to decrease in canopy stomatal conductance. The air temperature, specific humidity deficit, and soil water deficit in 1976 were exceptional and similar conditions have most likely not been experienced again until 2003. We conclude that the information gained at Thetford in 1976 on the response of the pine forest ecosystem to such weather, may provide a good guide to the response of English pine forests to the projected climate change over the next 25 years.

Sulphate and Nitrate in Precipitation and Soil Water in Pine Forests in Latvia

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Terauda ◽  
O. Nikodemus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Pine Forests

scholarly journals Development of a universal microinfiltrometer to estimate extent and persistence of soil water repellency as a function of capillary pressure and interface chemical composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-403
Author(s):  
Nasrollah Sepehrnia ◽  
Susanne K. Woche ◽  
Marc-O. Goebel ◽  
Jörg Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Glass Tubes

AbstractMicroinfiltrometers to assess soil water repellency (SWR) are limited to small tension ranges and have different technical setups, hindering a comparison between results from different laboratories. Hence, a microinfiltrometer which considers various aspects like extent and persistence of SWR is needed. The technical update suggested here uses glass tubes (e.g., 3 mm inner diameter), a fabric of mesh size 15 µm around the tip to enable good contact between soil surface and tip, ultrapure degassed water, and an evaporation protection for tip and reservoir during long-term infiltration. The adjustment of a continuous range of pressures and tensions (i.e., +0.5 to –40 cm) was done using glass tubes of various lengths connected to the tip. Three soil samples with initial contact angles, CA, of 18°, 62°, and 91° after 25°C treatment were additionally treated at 80°C to increase SWR persistence and CA. The soil particle interface chemical composition was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The hydrophysical properties evaluated included water and ethanol sorptivity as well as very important aspects of SWR, i.e. water drop penetration time, water repellency cessation time, repellency index, and modified repellency index. The results derived from the technically modified microinfiltrometer setup showed consistent differences between initial wettability and the water repellency cessation time as a parameter describing the development of SWR with time. The interface O/C ratio as derived from XPS data was negatively correlated with CA (p <0.05), thus proving the close relationship between interface chemistry and wettability. Our findings illustrated a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.99, p < 0.05) between sorptivity and O/C ratio under –2 cm tension which can be considered as the universal tension for different aspects of SWR.

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