An investigation of the products of 53 gene loci in three species of wild Canidae: Canis lupus, Canis latrans, and Canis familiaris

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 963-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fisher ◽  
W. Putt ◽  
E. Hackel
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Canis Familiaris

Potential impact of aerial baiting for wild dogs on a population of spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Murray ◽  
Robert N. Poore
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Poison Baiting ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Wild Dogs

The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) is a threatened marsupial that inhabits forests in eastern Australia. In many of these forests the species is sympatric with populations of wild dogs (Canis lupus dingo, Canis familiaris and hybrids of the two), which are subject to poison-baiting programs. Many of these programs involve dropping meat baits injected with 6 mg of 1080 from helicopters. To date, the effect of this method on populations of spotted-tailed quolls has not been quantified. We carried out a simulated aerial baiting program using meat baits injected with a non-toxic baitmarker, Rhodamine B, which is laid down in the vibrissae of mammals ingesting baits. Of the 16 spotted-tailed quolls subsequently captured, 10 had Rhodamine B in their vibrissae. The potential impact that this level of bait uptake might have on a population of quolls is discussed.

Coyote foraging ecology and vigilance in response to gray wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Adam Switalski
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Continuous Source

Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have lived in the absence of wolves (Canis lupus) for over 60 years. I examined whether wolf reintroduction in 1995 and 1996 in YNP influenced coyote vigilance and foraging ecology. From December 1997 to July 2000, my co-workers and I collected 1708 h of coyote activity budgets. Once wolves became established in the Park, they once again provided a continuous source of carrion in the Lamar Valley and we found that coyotes began feeding on carcasses throughout the year. Although we documented that wolves killed coyotes, it also became clear that surviving coyotes quickly adjusted their behaviors when wolves were present. When coyotes were near wolves or in areas of high wolf use, they fed on carcasses much more; however, they increased the amount of time spent in vigilance activities and decreased rest. There appears to be a trade-off in which wolf kills provide a quick source of food that is energetically advantageous to coyotes; however, attendant costs included increased vigilance, decreased rest, and a higher risk of being killed. Changes in the behavior of coyotes in response to the reintroduction of this large carnivore may ultimately have wide-ranging cascading effects throughout the ecosystem.

The Wayward Dog: Is the Australian native dog or Dingo a distinct species?

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4317 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN M. JACKSON ◽  
COLIN P. GROVES ◽  
PETER J.S. FLEMING ◽  
KEN P. APLIN ◽  
MARK D.B. ELDRIDGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Scientific Name

The taxonomic identity and status of the Australian Dingo has been unsettled and controversial since its initial description in 1792. Since that time it has been referred to by various names including Canis dingo, Canis lupus dingo, Canis familiaris and Canis familiaris dingo. Of these names C. l. dingo and C. f. dingo have been most often used, but it has recently been proposed that the Australian Dingo should be once again recognized as a full species—Canis dingo. There is an urgent need to address the instability of the names referring to the Dingo because of the consequences for management and policy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the morphological, genetic, ecological and biological data to determine the taxonomic relationships of the Dingo with the aim of confirming the correct scientific name. The recent proposal for Canis dingo as the most appropriate name is not sustainable under zoological nomenclature protocols nor based on the genetic and morphological evidence. Instead we proffer the name C. familiaris for all free-ranging dogs, regardless of breed and location throughout the world, including the Australian Dingo. The suggested nomenclature also provides a framework for managing free-ranging dogs including Dingoes, under Australian legislation and policy. The broad principles of nomenclature we discuss here apply to all free-roaming dogs that coexist with their hybrids, including the New Guinea Singing Dog. 

Sarcocystis wapiti sp. nov. from the North American wapiti (Cervus elaphus)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence A. Speer ◽  
J. P. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
The North ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Primary Cyst

Sarcocystis wapiti sp. nov. (Eimeriina: Sarcocystidae) is described as a heteroxenous coccidian with dogs (Canis familiaris) and coyotes (Canis latrans) as the final hosts and wapiti (Cervus elaphus) as the natural intermediate host. Sarcocysts in various muscle tissues of the wapiti were micro- to macroscopic, had a thin primary cyst wall and septa, and measured 652 × 322 μm. Sarcocysts contained numerous bradyzoites that were 16.1 × 2.4 μm and few metrocytes that were 11.2 × 4.6 μm. Ten days after ingesting Sarcocystis-infected wapiti meat, a dog and a coyote began passing oocysts and sporocysts in their feces; a domestic cat did not pass oocysts or sporocysts after ingesting infected meat from the same animal. Sporulated oocysts measured 20.3 × 15.6 μm; sporocysts were 15.9 × 10.6 μm. Twelve days after ingesting wapiti meat, oocysts of S. wapiti were found in the lamina propria of the distal one-third of the villi of the small intestine of the coyote. Bradyzoites were found in digests of muscle tissue of 58 of 65 wapiti.

scholarly journals Hand-reared wolves show similar, or stronger, attachment toward human caregivers compared to hand-reared dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hansen Wheat ◽  
Linn Larsson ◽  
Hans Temrin
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Strange Situation Test ◽  
Emotional Dependency ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
Attachment Behaviour ◽  
Over Time

AbstractDomesticated animals are generally assumed to display increased sociability towards humans compared to their wild ancestors. Dogs (Canis familiaris) have the ability to form lasting attachment, a social bond based on emotional dependency, with humans and it has specifically been suggested that this ability evolved post-domestication in dogs. Subsequently, it is expected that dogs but not wolves (Canis lupus), can develop attachment bonds to humans. However, while it has been shown that 16-weeks-old wolves do not discriminate in their expression of attachment behaviour toward a human caregiver and a stranger when compared to similar aged dogs, wolves at the age of eight weeks do. This highlights the potential for wolves to form attachment to humans, but simultaneously raises the question if this attachment weakens over time in wolves compared to dogs. Here we used the Strange Situation Test (SST) to investigate attachment behaviour expressed in hand-reared wolves and dogs toward a human caregiver at the age of 23 weeks. Both wolves and dogs expressed attachment toward a human caregiver. Surprisingly, wolves, but not dogs, discriminated between the caregiver and a stranger by exploring the room more in the presence of the caregiver compared to the stranger and greeting the caregiver more than the stranger. Our results thereby suggest that wolves can show attachment toward humans comparable to that of dogs at later developmental stages. Importantly, our results indicate that the ability to form attachment with humans did not occur post-domestication of dogs.

scholarly journals Comparing the tractability of young hand-raised wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorottya Júlia Ujfalussy ◽  
Zsófia Virányi ◽  
Márta Gácsi ◽  
Tamás Faragó ◽  
Ákos Pogány ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Differential Speed

Abstract Dogs live in 45% of households, integrated into various human groups in various societies. This is certainly not true for wolves. We suggest that dogs’ increased tractability (meant as individual dogs being easier to control, handle and direct by humans, in contrast to trainability defined as performance increase due to training) makes a crucial contribution to this fundamental difference. In this study, we assessed the development of tractability in hand-raised wolves and similarly raised dogs. We combined a variety of behavioural tests: fetching, calling, obeying a sit signal, hair brushing and walking in a muzzle. Wolf (N = 16) and dog (N = 11) pups were tested repeatedly, between the ages of 3–24 weeks. In addition to hand-raised wolves and dogs, we also tested mother-raised family dogs (N = 12) for fetching and calling. Our results show that despite intensive socialization, wolves remained less tractable than dogs, especially in contexts involving access to a resource. Dogs’ tractability appeared to be less context dependent, as they followed human initiation of action in more contexts than wolves. We found no evidence that different rearing conditions (i.e. intensive socialization vs. mother rearing) would affect tractability in dogs. This suggests that during domestication dogs might have been selected for increased tractability, although based on the current data we cannot exclude that the differential speed of development of dogs and wolves or the earlier relocation of wolves to live as a group explains some of the differences we found.

Comprehension of human pointing gestures in young human-reared wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris)

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Virányi ◽  
Márta Gácsi ◽  
Enikő Kubinyi ◽  
József Topál ◽  
Beatrix Belényi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Pointing Gestures ◽  
Human Pointing
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