Sarcocystis wapiti sp. nov. from the North American wapiti (Cervus elaphus)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence A. Speer ◽  
J. P. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
The North ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Primary Cyst

Sarcocystis wapiti sp. nov. (Eimeriina: Sarcocystidae) is described as a heteroxenous coccidian with dogs (Canis familiaris) and coyotes (Canis latrans) as the final hosts and wapiti (Cervus elaphus) as the natural intermediate host. Sarcocysts in various muscle tissues of the wapiti were micro- to macroscopic, had a thin primary cyst wall and septa, and measured 652 × 322 μm. Sarcocysts contained numerous bradyzoites that were 16.1 × 2.4 μm and few metrocytes that were 11.2 × 4.6 μm. Ten days after ingesting Sarcocystis-infected wapiti meat, a dog and a coyote began passing oocysts and sporocysts in their feces; a domestic cat did not pass oocysts or sporocysts after ingesting infected meat from the same animal. Sporulated oocysts measured 20.3 × 15.6 μm; sporocysts were 15.9 × 10.6 μm. Twelve days after ingesting wapiti meat, oocysts of S. wapiti were found in the lamina propria of the distal one-third of the villi of the small intestine of the coyote. Bradyzoites were found in digests of muscle tissue of 58 of 65 wapiti.

Sarcocystis sybillensis sp. nov. from the North American elk (Cervus elaphus)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
W. R. Jolley ◽  
E. Tom Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
North American ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Elk ◽  
Thin Walled

Sarcocystis sybillensis sp. nov. (Protozoa, Sarcocystidae) is described as a heteroxenous coccidium, with the elk (Cervus elaphus) as the natural intermediate host and the dog (Canis familiaris) as the experimental definitive host. The sarcocysts are microscopic, compartmented, and thick walled (up to 8 μm) with filamentous protrusions. The bradyzoites are 10.6 × 3.3 μm and the metrocytes are 8.8 × 5.4 μm. Sporocysts in the intestine of the dog are 15.5 × 10.7 μm. The ultrastructure of S. sybillensis is compared with that of the thin-walled sarcocysts of S. wapiti.

The population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea county (Romania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Sorin Geacu
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
The West ◽  
Spreading Area ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Expansion ◽  
North Western

The population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea county (Romania) The presence of the Red Deer in the North-western parts of Tulcea County is an example of the natural expansion of a species spreading area. In North Dobrogea, this mammal first occurred only forty years ago. The first specimens were spotted on Cocoşul Hill (on the territory of Niculiţel area) in 1970. Peak numbers (68 individuals) were registered in the spring of 1987. The deer population (67 specimens in 2007) of this county extended along 10 km from West to East and 20 km from North to South over a total of 23,000 ha (55% of which was forest land) in the East of the Măcin Mountains and in the West of the Niculiţel Plateau.

scholarly journals The Impact of Wolf Reintroduction on the Foraging Efficency of Elk and Bison

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
John Laundre
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
The North ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

More and more, evidence indicates that non­lethal interactions between large mammalian ungulates and the predators that feed on them may play significant roles in ungulate population dynamics. Although predators such as wolves and mountain lions directly impact large ungulates like elk (Cervus elaphus) when they kill individuals, the fact that they scare their prey may actually have a greater long term impact on the population (Kotler and Hoyt 1989, Brown 1992, Brown and Alkon 1990 Brown et al. 1999). In response to predation risk, foraging animals are found balancing conflicting demands for food and safety. Research indicates they do this by two principal means: 1) when faced with higher predation risk, prey individuals will reduce feeding effort and/or increase vigilance compared to areas of lower risk (Sih 1980, Lima and Dill 1990), 2) they alter their use of habitat types to help reduce this predation risk. The major result is that reduced feeding efforts or selection of safer but possibly less productive habitat lead to a third prediction of a poorer quality diet as animals seek out safer areas but with likely lower quality forage. The reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Parks offered a unique opportunity to test the impact of wolves on the feeding efficiency of elk and bison. After the wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone Park in the spring of 1995, they quickly established themselves in specific locations, specifically in the Lamar Valley in the north end of the Park. This allowed us to collect data on areas with and without wolves for the first few years after their release. Additionally, as wolves have expanded their range in the Park, this has also provided an excellent opportunity to compare data on animals from the same areas before and after wolves have arrived. These comparisons then, would provide a critical test of the predictions that large predators can have a major non-lethal impact on their prey. To test these predictions, in 1996 we began a study of the foraging patterns of elk and bison in Yellowstone National Park. Here we report the results of the first four years of this study.

scholarly journals Mammoths, Deer, and a Dog: Fossil and (Sub) Recent Allochthonous Remains from the Northeastern Croatia (Podravina Region), with the First Radiocarbon Dating of the Croatian Woolly Mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius)

Quaternary ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadranka Mauch Lenardić ◽  
Siniša Radović ◽  
Ankica Oros Sršen ◽  
Nada Horvatinčić ◽  
Petar Kostešić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Mammuthus Primigenius ◽  
Maxillary Bone ◽  
Fluvial Deposits ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Woolly Mammoth

Eight anatomically and taxonomically different finds are presented in this paper, and they belong to four taxa: woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and dog (Canis familiaris). All specimens represent allochthonous Late Pleistocene and Holocene animal remains, and all were dredged during the gravel exploitation at the Sekuline site near Molve (Podravina region, SW Pannonian basin, NE Croatia). Mammoth remains (bone and tusk fragments) were radiocarbon dated, and these are the first absolute dates on mammoths in Croatia. One upper last left deciduous premolar (dP4 sin.) also belongs to the same species. Ascribed to a dog is one well-preserved skull with a peculiar abscess scar on the maxillary bone as the result of an inflammatory process on the carnassial (P4) premolar. The Late Pleistocene cervid remains are giant deer, while the other cervid finds were determined to be red deer of the Holocene age. Morphometrical and taphonomical data are presented for each specimen. Such fossil and recent bone/tooth aggregates are characteristic of fluvial deposits and selective collecting. Although lacking stratigraphic provenance, these finds help to fulfil the gaps in palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological, and palaeoclimate reconstructions of Podravina and its neighbouring areas.

scholarly journals Chronology of Range Expansion of the Coyote, Canis latrans, in New York

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Fener ◽  
Joshua R. Ginsberg ◽  
Eric W. Sanderson ◽  
Matthew E. Gompper
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
The State ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
The North ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Correlative Relationship

Coyotes (Canis latrans) were historically restricted to central North America. In less than two centuries, however, Coyotes have colonized most of the continent, including much of northeastern North America. Better understanding causes and proximate mechanisms of this expansion requires a detailed understanding of how Coyotes colonized areas on a fine scale. We examined the establishment of Coyotes in the State of New York by collecting and analyzing reports of their first occurrence throughout the state over the past century, and creating a detailed map of range expansion. Coyotes first entered New York from the north, circled the Adirondack region prior to colonizing it, and then expanded southward and westward at ca. 78-90 km/decade. The revealed pattern lends little support to the hypotheses that the range expansion is attributable to translocations and releases, or that Coyotes were historically present in the region and only recently expanded in numbers. Rather, the data suggest a correlative relationship between anthropogenic land use and Coyote range expansion.

Development of the sheep–canid cycle of Sarcocystis tenella

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2464-2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
C. A. Speer ◽  
G. Callis ◽  
J. A. Blixt
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Sarcocystis Tenella

Thirty-seven sheep were inoculated orally with 104 to 66 × 106Sarcocystis tenella sporocysts from dogs or coyotes and necropsied between 1 and 276 days postinoculation (DPI). Two single zoites were found in submucosal arteries of small intestines of lambs 3 and 6 DPI. At 9 to 21 DPI, numerous first-generation meronts were found in mesenteric arteries, intestinal blood vessels, and occasionally in other organs. First-generation meronts were 37.0 × 27.3 μm in sections and 54.4 × 46.6 μm in smears. At 16 to 40 DPI, second-generation meronts were found in capillaries of several organs; renal meronts were 20.6 × 12.0 μm in sections. Merozoites were found in peripheral blood at 14 to 16 DPI and at 25 to 32 DPI. Earliest sarcocysts were found at 35 DPI and contained one to three metrocytes. At 40 DPI, sarcocysts were up to 97 × 10 μm and contained 1 to 13 metrocytes. Bradyzoites formed between 52 and 66 DPI. At 75 DPI, sarcocysts had cross-striated walls and were infective for coyotes. Dogs and coyotes fed infected meat shed sporocysts in feces 9 to 10 days later. Gamonts were found in the small intestine between 8 and 21 h postinoculation and sporulation was completed within 8 days.

On the histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the cysticercoid of Raillietina cesticillus (Molin, 1858) Fuhrmann, 1920 (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
College Of Technology ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The University

The structure of the cysticercoid of Raillietina cesticillus has been studied with the aid of light and electron microscopes. While the ultrastructure of the superficial parts of the scolex closely resembles that of other cestodes, the fine structure of the cyst wall differs from both these. The arrangement and functions of the tissues in the cyst wall are discussed and interpreted with reference to the tissues of the scolex of the cysticercoid of R. cesticillus and to the tissues of other cestodes. R. cesticillus cysticercoids, subjected to various histochemical tests, were shown to contain proteins and carbohydrate materials.The author wishes to thank the Principal and Governors of West Ham College of Technology, a constituent college of the North-east London Polytechnic, for their general and financial support of this work. Thanks are also due to the Directors and Governors of the several institutions whose electron microscopes the author used. The work described here forms part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the degree of Ph.D.

Description of a species of Sarcocystis (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), a parasite of the northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus, and experimental transmission to deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2118-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolando H. Espinosa ◽  
Mauritz C. Sterner ◽  
John A. Blixt ◽  
Richard J. Cawthorn
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Aegolius Acadicus ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Primary Cyst

Sporocysts of Sarcocystis were recovered from the intestinal mucosa of a northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus). Sporocysts measured 12.0 × 9.7 μm (9.6–14.0 × 8.0–12.0 μm; n = 100). Doses of 0, 500, and 2500 sporocysts were administered orally to five deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and five Swiss-Cox white mice (Mus musculus) At necropsy, 28 days postinoculation, deer mice administered 500 and 2500 sporocysts had sarcocysts in skeletal muscles and cardiac muscle. White mice were negative at all dose levels. Sarcocysts had a thin wall (< 1 μm) that consisted of a primary cyst wall and a coarse granular layer composed of 36.6 nm granules (25.6–51.2 nm; n = 11). Thickness of the primary cyst wall was 62.5 nm (38.4–116.1 nm; n = 10). Metrocytes were 2.3 × 1.7 μm (1.5–3.5 × 1.2–2.5 μm; n = 25). Bradyzoites were 5.2 × 1.1 μm (4–7 × 1–2 μm; n = 25).

Primary Cyst Wall

2016 ◽  
pp. 2250-2253
Author(s):  
Heinz Mehlhorn
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Primary Cyst
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