Effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on heart rate, ventilation rate and oxygen consumption of spangled perch,Leiopotherapon unicolor (G�nther 1859), (Percoidei, Teraponidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Gehrke ◽  
Donald R. Fielder
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Physiological variability in neonatal armadillo quadruplets: within- and between-litter differences

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (11) ◽  
pp. 1733-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bagatto ◽  
D.A. Crossley ◽  
W.W. Burggren
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Physiological Variability ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Physiological Characters

The role of genetics on neonatal physiological variability was examined in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). Since armadillos give birth to only monozygous quadruplets, the genetic variation within litters is essentially zero. Quadruplets born in captivity were isolated and weighed within 8 h of birth. Oxygen consumption (V.(O2)) was measured in resting neonates by flow-through respirometry, heart rate obtained from an electrocardiogram and ventilation was measured by impedance techniques. Following the measurements, neonates were returned to the mother. Measurements were repeated at 4 and 8 days after birth. Mean heart rate significantly increased from 132 beats min(−1) on the day of birth to 169 beats min(−1) on day 8. Mean ventilation rate significantly decreased from 81 breaths min(−1) on the day of birth to 54 breaths min(−1) on day 8. During this same developmental period, mean mass significantly increased from 100 g to 129 g, and mean mass-specific oxygen consumption significantly decreased from 32.2 ml O(2)kg(−1)min(−1) to 28.6 ml O(2)kg(−1) min(−1). For all variables measured, within-litter variability was always significantly less than between-litter variability, confirming a ‘sibling effect’ that we attribute to the genetic components determining physiological characters.

Some physiological responses of man to workload and environment

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Suggs ◽  
W. E. Splinter
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Workload

The heart rate, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption rate, and mechanical efficiency responses of a subject to a series of temperatures, relative humidities, and workloads were observed. A quadratic prediction equation of each of the responses as steady-state functions of the independent variables was derived. Each of the equations represents a four-dimensional hypersurface. For the heart rate, ventilation rate, and oxygen consumption rate the hypersurfaces are quite similar, the responses increasing rapidly with respect to workload and about one-third as rapidly with respect to temperature. The effect of relative humidity was present primarily as interactions. Mechanical efficiency was represented by a more complex hypersurface. In three dimensions, with relative humidity as a parameter, the response was a saddle-shaped surface with the highest efficiency at a condition of low temperature, high workload. At constant environment, the heart rate responses of 19 subjects to workloads was observed and found to be linear with a normal distribution of slopes. Submitted on May 2, 1960

Acute Cardio-respiratory responses of Spangled Perch, Leiopotherapon unicolor (Gunther 1859), to Sublethal concentrations of Zinc, Temephos and 2,4-D

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Gehrke
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Respiratory Responses

Spangled perch, Leiopotherapon unicolor, were exposed to concentrations of 5.0, 10 or 20 mg 1-1 zinc, 0.1, 1.0 or 10 mg 1-1 temephos or 0.1, 1.0 or 10 mg 1-1 2,4-D at 25�C for 2 h, during which time ventilation rate, heart rate and oxygen consumption were continuously monitored. Fish exposed to 10 and 20 mg 1-1 zinc demonstrated a significant increase in ventilation rate; those exposed to 20 mg 1-1 also developed a significant bradycardia. Exposure to 10 mg 1-1 temephos caused an immediate reduction in ventilation rate and oxygen consumption, and also reduced heart rate during the second hour of exposure. Fish exposed to 10 mg 1-1 temephos died within 12 h. Responses of fish to 2,4-D gave no indication of toxic effects on the cardio-respiratory system. Cardio-respiratory responses to zinc are attributed to damage caused to the gill epithelium, which results in impaired gas exchange and lowered oxygen tension in arterial blood. Effects of exposure to temephos correspond to cholinesterase inhibition in nerves supplying the respiratory musculature and the heart.

Effects of self-contained breathing apparatus on ventricular function during strenuous exercise

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Nelson ◽  
Mark J. Haykowsky ◽  
Jonathan R. Mayne ◽  
Richard L. Jones ◽  
Stewart R. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Esophageal Pressure ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Breathing Apparatus

The purpose of this study was to investigate left-ventricular function during strenuous exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). With the use of two-dimensional echocardiography, images of the left ventricle (LV) were acquired during sustained exercise (3 × 10 min) under two conditions: 1) SCBA, or 2) low resistance breathing valve. Twenty healthy men volunteered for the study, and in each condition subjects wore fire protective equipment. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cavity areas during systole and diastole (ESCA and EDCA, respectively), esophageal pressure, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption, perceived physical, thermal and respiratory distress, and core temperature were measured at regular intervals. Urine specific gravity (<1.020 g/ml) and hematological variables were used to infer hydration status. All subjects began both trials in a euhydrated state. No differences were found between conditions for heart rate, systolic blood pressure, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption, perceived distress, or any hematological variables. Peak expiratory esophageal pressure was always higher ( P < 0.05), while EDCA and stroke area (SA) were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) with the SCBA. ESCA, end-systolic transmural pressure (ESTMP), and LV contractility (ESTMP/ESCA) were similar between conditions. Sustained exercise with fire protective equipment resulted in significant reductions in EDCA, ESCA, and SA from the start of exercise, which was associated with a 6.3 ± 0.8% reduction in plasma volume, an increase in core temperature (37.0 ± 0.4 to 38.8 ± 0.3°C), and a significant increase in heart rate (146.9 ± 2.1 to 181.7 ± 2.4 beats/min) throughout exercise. The results from this study support research by others showing that increased intrathoracic pressure reduces LV preload (EDCA); however, the novelty of the present study is that when venous return is compromised by sustained exercise and heat stress, SA cannot be maintained.

Effects of temperature and body size upon heart rate and oxygen consumption in turtles

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Hutton ◽  
Don R. Boyer ◽  
James C. Williams ◽  
Peter M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Some responses of humans to thermal radiation

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1005
Author(s):  
Charles W. Suggs
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Exercise Ventilation ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Thermal Intensity

The effects of thermal radiation on heart rate, ventilation rate, and oxygen consumption rate were investigated at various conditions of dry-bulb temperature, air velocity, and exercise. Ventilation rate and oxygen consumption rate were essentially independent of thermal radiation under all the environmental conditions investigated. However, heart rate increased appreciably with increases in thermal radiation provided the environment was already warm or hot. In the range between 70 and 100 F dry bulb, a 7 F increase in mean radiant temperature was found to elicit the same average increase in heart rate as a 1 F increase in dry bulb. For a cool environment the response tended to be reversed with the heart rate decreasing as the environment was made more comfortable by the addition of thermal radiation. Exercise shifted the point at which this reversal occurred toward lower temperatures. heat stress; heart rate; thermal intensity Submitted on July 16, 1964

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