The EU Green Paper on Guarantees for Consumer Goods and After-Sales Services — A response

The article looks into key challenges for Ukrainian economy caused by foreign trade intensification with China in 2020 when Ukraine’s exports to PRC increased by 98 per cent. The dynamics and main structural shifts in the UA-CN trade are analyzed. The structure of bilateral trade flows between the parties by degree of processing and value added is explored. It is revealed that Ukraine’s exports to China consists predominantly from raw materials and products of primary processing: mineral products (iron ore), cereals (maize), sunflower oil and its residues, ferrous metals, etc. The imports from China to Ukraine consists mainly from electrical machinery, mechanical appliances, articles of apparel, chemical products, iron and steel, etc. Comparative analysis of the commodity structure of Ukraine’s exports to PRC and to the EU is conducted. The analysis shows that, despite dominance of traditional and low value added goods in Ukrainian overall exports, the share of sophisticated manufactured goods in exports to the EU is much larger than in exports to China. It is substantiated that trade with China largely determines the raw material orientation of Ukraine's international specialization, while exports to developed countries are characterized by a relatively higher share of intermediate and consumer goods. To increase the efficiency of Ukraine’s foreign trade, it is considered that the best option is to focus on reducing dependence on imports from China by developing domestic production of appropriate consumer goods and increasing export flows to developed countries. The expediency of Ukraine's refusal to participate in the New Silk Road project is argued in favor of using the benefits of nearshoring strategy, which opens the opportunity to replace Chinese consumer goods in the EU market with Ukrainian ones under the EU-UA association agreement. The article briefly surveys some cases of successful implementation of this strategy by Ukrainian business, in particular the launch of exports of household appliances (electro-thermic coffee and tea makers, electric razors, washing machines, electric heaters) to the EU.

Download Full-text

Financial and Banking Regulation and Supervision within the EU

Baltic Journal of European Studies ◽

10.2478/bjes-2013-0011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 17-37

Author(s):

Constanze Lehleiter

Keyword(s):

Financial Stability ◽

Sovereign Debt ◽

Debt Crisis ◽

Banking Regulation ◽

Capital Requirements ◽

Green Paper ◽

Shadow Banking ◽

The European Union ◽

European Banking ◽

The Eu

AbstractThe European Union (EU) has faced not only the international financial crisis, but also the European banking and the sovereign debt crisis. A lack of efficient regulations and supervision were a serious cause of recent developments. As a reaction, the EU finally implemented a framework covering both micro- and macro-prudential policies. Measures such as the new capital requirements, the deposit guarantee schemes, the green paper on shadow banking and, most importantly, the new approach for a macro-prudential supervision are headed towards crisis prevention. However, the challenge is to define regulations enhancing financial stability, which, at the same time, do not prevent institutions from generating reasonable financial risks and do not reduce growth. In that regard, the presented measures still have deficits which have to be faced. Furthermore, coordination between various authorities and the European Commission remains another challenge.

Download Full-text

US tensions prompt closer China-Russia cooperation

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db245140 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Consumer Goods ◽

The Other ◽

High Tech ◽

Content Type ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Economic Interaction ◽

Economic Ties ◽

The Eu

Subject China-Russia cooperation. Significance Beijing and Moscow are compensating for deteriorating ties with Washington by building -- or at least declaring -- close political and economic relations with each other. Chinese exporters of production and consumer goods are replacing Western companies that are curtailing activities due to Western sanctions and Moscow’s countersanctions. However, neither Beijing nor Moscow sees the other as a true substitute for normal relations with Washington. Impacts China and Russia will more actively use the renminbi and ruble as settlement currencies. Russia will preserve its position as China’s key supplier of oil and will significantly expand deliveries of natural gas. Russia will press for closer ties in high-tech industries; China will be wary, fearing this might prompt new US sanctions. The epicentre of Russia’s foreign economic ties will shift further from the EU to China. Greater economic interaction with Russia will help China cement its relations with other former Soviet countries.

Download Full-text

Investigation of Factors of EU Port Competitiveness

Economic Herald of the Donbas ◽

10.12958/1817-3772-2021-1(63)-31-36 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

M. Makarenko ◽

◽

V. Prosyanok ◽

A. Shayhatdinov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Policy ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Green Paper ◽

Competitive Strategies ◽

Playing Field ◽

Part Time ◽

The Difference ◽

Port Infrastructure ◽

The Eu

The importance of ports in the European context is proved by studying the various management characteristics and difficulties in developing a common European policy, as well as the measures taken by the EC to improve competition in this area. The main provisions of the Green Paper as a means of increasing competitiveness are considered and its main points are analyzed. The directions of the EU policy on the development of the port industry by regulating the competitive strategies of ports, in order to promote, regulate and ensure port competition at the local, regional and international levels, are considered. Transport is becoming an integral part of the production process, as globalization, ports and the maritime sector are key factors in logistics concepts. The EU's experience has shown that a cost-effective, reliable and competitive port system is of strategic importance for achieving the liberalization of competitive trade. Moreover, to ensure that the role of ports contributes to the success of these principles, the EU is trying to create a single national policy. The main purpose of this policy is to promote the means of managing port financing, competition and improving the state of the port industry. It was emphasized that the EU proposals can be reduced to four main areas: improvement and modernization of port infrastructure and their inclusion in the trans-European transport network; creation of a competitive playing field; promotion of research and development for ports; establishing a dialogue between all partners to address relevant issues. However, the first difficulty with the formation of a unified national policy in the port industry is the difference in the size of ports, capacity, geographical location, management, operation and employment. The main differences between European ports are the result of different cultures and ways of thinking. First of all, the three control theories are similar between the ports under study. Further, the size of the port can be local, national or international. There is a very important similarity between these ports, as they are all international; they serve the same great theory and are the gateway to Europe. Employment is an important factor, as in Europe you can find two part-time or basic wage or permanent jobs. On the other hand, the main differences that can be identified are the way of working and the geographical location. In other words, if the port is an estuary or coastal, it is a natural harbor or a system of closed docks. This factor is one of the main differences between ports, as it provides a comparative advantage in terms of maneuverability. others. These differences are actually one of the reasons why the EC initiated the EU Law, which should apply to ports.

Download Full-text

Economic problems of dual quality of everyday consumer goods

Economic Annals-ХХI ◽

10.21003/ea.v185-07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 185 (9-10) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Jan Zavadsky ◽

◽

Vladimir Hiadlovsky ◽

Keyword(s):

Consumer Goods ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Economic Dimension ◽

Quality Product ◽

Points Of View ◽

Materials Used ◽

The Eu

The dual quality of everyday consumer goods has been proven in the EU, although a geographical pattern dividing the EU into eastern and western parts has not been confirmed. This practice of some manufacturers is mainly mentioned from legislative and ethical points of view, yet its economic impact is also not negligible. It often happens that a consumer buys goods in his country in the same or very similar packaging as consumers abroad, however with a different composition (made with lower quality cheaper raw materials, containing a smaller proportion of basic raw materials or with a lower content of goods). The consumer can thus ask why he gets less or a lower quality product for his/her money than consumers abroad. In our research, we focused on Slovak consumers’ perception of the economic dimension of dual quality. According to the results of a survey of 987 respondents, 89% of the respondents have heard of dual quality and 84% of the respondents are concerned about this practice. Most of the respondents (44%) consider it to be an economic problem precisely because of the use of cheaper raw materials and other proportions of basic raw materials in goods. Based on the research results, we propose to incorporate a comparison of prices for goods (in terms of price per unit weight of goods and taking into account the quality and the price of raw materials used) into the uniform methodology of testing goods for dual quality adopted by the European Commission. Furthermore, we propose to include information on dual quality of goods and the use of different raw materials (which are locally available or are allowed in the country and facilitate the processing procedure) on the packaging, which should be taken into account in pricing.

Download Full-text

Origin, Objectives, and Content of the Directive

10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Eleonora Rosati

Keyword(s):

National Level ◽

Internal Market ◽

Single Market ◽

Green Paper ◽

Eu Law ◽

Eu Directive ◽

History Of ◽

The Eu

This chapter provides an overview of the overall EU copyright harmonization project and explains the history of the 2019 EU Directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market (Directive 2019/790) and the place that it has within the broader EU copyright architecture. It recounts the copyright reform in Europe, which has been based on the harmonization at the EU level and modernization at the EU national level. It also stresses that EU harmonization has been prompted by internal market concerns and concerns regarding the overall competitiveness and appropriateness of the EU copyright regime. The chapter describes the field of copyright, wherein the process of Europeanization of national laws has resulted in their settlement to and convergence with EU law. It mentions the 1988 Green Paper by the Commission of the European Communities, which signaled the start of a more concrete discourse around copyright harmonization.

Download Full-text