Areas of Research on the Development of the Tourist and Recreational Sphere as an Object of Public Administration

In the article, the problem of determining the directions of research of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere as an object of public administration acquires further theoretical and methodological substantiation. The directions of improving the mechanisms of decision-making by state bodies for the development of the tourist and recreational sphere are formulated on the basis of the introduction of a systematic approach, digitization and modeling. The efforts of state bodies to form the structure of the market in order to study and analyze the impact of public administration and regulation on the realities of the tourist and recreational sphere and the proposals of tourist and recreational products that affect the public interest in them on the part of consumers of tourist services are a separate area of scientific research in tourism. -recreational sphere as an object of public administration and decision-making mechanisms by state bodies for the development of tourist and recreational territories It is shown that the processes of using tourist and recreational resources and diversification of the economy are positively influenced by the intersectoral nature of the tourist and recreational sphere due to the multiplier effect for related sectors of the economy of the territories, directly involved in the tourist services served by consumers. It has been proved that a city characterized by a significant territorial concentration of labor, consumers, related industries and services is very attractive for the activities of enterprises in the tourism and recreation sector in terms of minimizing costs, and it is expedient in determining the role and mechanisms of government influence on the development of the tourism and recreation sector. and the formation of strategic goals for the development of a regime for promoting their development is the study of the tourist and recreational market of the territory. The development of the regional and local tourist and recreational sphere is greatly facilitated by the transformation in the public consciousness of the concept of free time, i.e. changes in the behavior of consumers of tourism services in relation to specific settlements or the region as a whole. The main goal of the qualitative improvement of state management of the development of the tourist and recreational sphere is to increase its openness, spread goodwill towards the population, accelerate management processes, effectively solve problems, increase the mobility of workers in tourist and recreational enterprises and their satisfaction with work.

Features of Political Risk Management of Transnational Corporations in the Context of Economic Globalization

The article considers the specifics of the functioning of TNCs, their current activities in the investment market. TNCs are currently one of the most important actors in international economic relations. The investment activity of transnational corporations has a direct impact on the balance of payments, production volumes, foreign trade turnover, employment, and the competitiveness of the host economy. The key features of political risk management of TNCs are identified and characterized. The political risks of TNCs are related to their interpretation, classification and methods. The means of reducing the degree of risk include: risk avoidance, retention, risk transfer. Ways to reduce the degree of risk include: diversification, acquisition of additional information, limitation, insurance, hedging. It has been proven that the main advantage of risk communications as an effective ancillary way to manage the political risks of TNCs at the state level, especially in the early stages of public policy making, is that it allows decision makers to better and timely inform stakeholders about risks. and to effectively exchange data between different parts of the public administration system, including effective mitigation measures. The main directions for TNC investment in 2018 are analyzed. The negative consequences of TNCs and ways to overcome them are identified.

Formation of a System of Management Indicators Electronic Business in the Conditions of Modern Economic Conjuncture

The article presents the author's formalized approach to the formation and evaluation of the system of indicators for conducting electronic business in static and dynamic states, contributing to the detailed disclosure of the interaction of factor and resultant parameters by which organizations will be able to justify the decisions taken by entrepreneurs in modern economic conditions to ensure the best final and intermediate benchmarks for themselves. The purpose of the study is aimed at creating a reliable system that integrates general and private indicators of e-business for the subsequent balancing of results, costs and extraction of marginal financial benefits. The objectives of the study are focused on annotating the activities of organizations that operate and implement business processes in the current economic environment, as well as integrating indicators based on it that reflect static and dynamic cause-and-effect relationships in the field of commerce. The methods for performing the research were chain substitutions supplemented with mathematical analysis, which will allow organizations to obtain complete and reliable information about the quality of e-business. The work is intended for managers and specialists of commercial organizations, educators and scientists engaged in the study of the economics of entrepreneurship.

Developing Science Parks: Global Experience and Possible Guidelines for the Donbas Region’s Innovative Economic Recovery

For many years, the technological deterioration of physical assets, the high energy intensity of production, structural imbalance of the industrial complex, and related complex technogenic and ecological situation, which today already carries systemic threats, remained acute problems for Donbass. The conflict in eastern Ukraine has exposed these problems, made them admit that without the introduction of advanced technologies and effective management solutions, it will hardly be possible to revive the economic potential of the region on a qualitatively new basis. The paper concentrates on the search for opportunities to mitigate and eliminate the impact of the challenges existing in Donbass, implement the restructuring of the region's economy by using the tool of science parks. The practicality of organizing and financing science parks is now being worked out by the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine within the Strategy of Economic Development of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions until 2030. The experience of other countries of the world regarding the goals and methods of creation, element composition, specialization, construction cost and the effectiveness of the activities of scientific parks with the aim of using it in the regeneration of Donetsk and Lugansk regions has been studied. The article reflects the experience of the USA (in particular, the Silicon Valley and Research Triangle Park science parks); Ireland (Wyeth Biopharma Science Park); Germany (Rhein Elbe Science Park); Poland (Poznan Science and Technology Park, Park Naukowo – Technologiczny «Technopark Gliwice», Science and Technology Park Poland-East in Suwałki). Based on the results of the analysis, it was determined that the cost of building science parks in these countries ranges from USD 35-60 million (Poland) to USD 3-5 billion (United States of America). Particular attention is paid to the features of the architectural and planning organization of science parks abroad and in Ukraine. The design proposals of scientific parks, developed for Zaporizhzhia and Kyiv, are presented as model guidelines for use in Donbass. Building on the results of the study of world experience, as well as project proposals for its implementation in Ukraine, it was concluded that the creation of science parks in the Donetsk and Lugansk regions can be considered as an effective tool for innovative renewal and structural restructuring of the regional economy. To enhance the influence of science parks on innovation processes in the studied regions and Ukraine as a whole, proposals were made to amend and supplement the laws of Ukraine "On Science Parks", "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine Regarding the Activation of Science Parks". The results of the study can be used by the government and the relevant ministry of Ukraine when justifying the choice of models for future science parks in Donbass, their location, specialization, and construction costs.

Status and Trends in the Development of Financial Support for Social Protection in Ukraine

The article considers the state and tendencies of development of financial provision of social protection in Ukraine. Modern problems of financing the sphere of social protection of the population in Ukraine are revealed. The importance of understanding the social protection of the population as a system of financial relations necessary to compensate for social risks and ensure social security is substantiated. The essence and features of financial provision of social protection of the population are revealed. The research of directions of budgetary financing of social sphere at the state level is carried out. The financial mechanism of realization of social protection which provides formation of the sources of the financial resources directed on performance of the corresponding programs and actions, and also the substantiated choice of methods, forms and levers of their use is investigated. It is proved that one of the significant obstacles to the effective implementation of social policy in our country is the insufficient level of its financial security in combination with irrational planning, distribution and inefficient use of available financial resources.

At the Crossbreaks of Time ... My Chronicle of Half a Century. Essay. Part two

An autobiographical attempt to tell about the time in which he lived, became who he is now, and the need to tell about the experienced, and still experiencing, the consequences of changing times ... Each author has his own vision, in the formation of which many factors mattered: the state of society, education, a profession that has lost and gained age – and so can be listed indefinitely.

Strategic Ways to Modernize the Old Industrial Regions of Ukraine from the Perspective of Sustainable Development

The article defines the sustainable development of the old industrial regions of Ukraine (Slobozhanskiy, Prydniprovskiy, Donetsk Economic Area) using the methodology for determining the criteria and quantifying the processes and stages of their industrial, post-industrial and neo-industrial modernization. In the course of the study, a methodological toolkit was used to assess the level and conditions of industrial, post-industrial and neo-industrial modernization of the economy based on taking into account the quantitative parameters of the ecological, economic and social components of sustainable development. The results of assessing the stages of modernization of the regions of Ukraine in 2005-2019. confirmed the industrial development of Donetsk (Donetsk and Lugansk regions) and Prydniprovskiy (Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia and Kirovograd regions) Economic Area. According to the results of the assessment of post-industrial modernization, the Slobozhanskiy Economic Area (Poltava, Sumy and Kharkiv regions) received the highest index. This region is the undisputed leader in terms of indicators reflecting innovation in knowledge and knowledge transfer (the difference is tens of points in comparison with the corresponding indices of other regions). Assessment of the stage of neo-industrial modernization showed the existence of a negative trend that has developed in all economic regions – a steady decrease in funding for innovations in knowledge. As a result, the overall index of knowledge indicator groups showed no signs of growth, and even decreased in some areas. The Slobozhanskiy Economic Area became an optimistic exception. The development and implementation of a methodology for assessing modernization processes will increase the efficiency of management decision-making by state authorities, improve the quality of strategies and targeted comprehensive programs for socio-economic development. To ensure post-industrial and neo-industrial modernization of the economy based on sustainable development in the conditions of insufficient efficiency and effectiveness of the traditional instruments of state policy, it is necessary to form institutions of regional development. Analyzed the current state of the presence of regional development institutions in the areas of activity. It was determined that the institutional structure is heterogeneous, the regions are different in the quality of labor and natural resources, which actually determines the specialization of the regional economy, therefore, for them it is necessary to use differentiated support measures from the development institutions.

At the Crossbreaks of Time... My Chronicle of Half a Century. Essay. Part one

An autobiographical attempt to tell about the time in which he lived, became who he is now, and the need to tell about the experienced, and still experiencing, the consequences of changing times ... Each author has his own vision, in the formation of which many factors mattered : the state of society, education, a profession that has lost and gained age – and so can be listed indefinitely.

Substantiation of Expediency of Creation of Transport and Logistics Cluster in the Carpathian Economic Region

It is proved that for balanced sustainable development of the regional transport and logistics system it is expedient to develop a cluster model of organization of logistics activities in the economic region, which means a conceptual approach that involves the creation and operation of transport and logistics cluster. The cluster model includes the following blocks: a single set of processes of logistics activities; members of the transport and logistics cluster that organize these processes; algorithm of cluster formation and functioning; mechanisms for forming partnerships of cluster members; financial support for cluster development; achieving a synergetic (economic, social and environmental) effect from the sustainable development of the transport and logistics cluster on the basis of stimulating the region. In order to form a transport and logistics cluster in the Carpathian economic region, it is necessary to create appropriate institutional conditions, which are: improving the legislative and regulatory framework for the development of the transport sector and the organization of logistics activities, taking into account the regional component; development of the Strategy of complex development of the regional transport and logistics system on the basis of modernization of the transport infrastructure; development and implementation of organizational and economic mechanism for managing the development of the transport and logistics system of the economic region using the tools of "green" logistics and digital technologies; Improving the mechanism of financial support for the development of transport and logistics system through the use of financial instruments such as venture capital, crowdfunding, international public-private partnership based on private investment, credit institutions, foreign investment resources, grants from international financial organizations, investment funds.

Competitiveness and Strategic Positioning of Seaports

Thanks to the development of world trade, more than two-thirds of the world's total cargo depends on maritime transport. Maritime transport and ports play an important role in the sustainable development of the global economy. Currently, as international transshipment ports, ports are evolving from conventional retail terminals to containerized distribution logistics centers (hubs). Undoubtedly, the shipping and port industries are directly related to the global economy. The ports are the main carriers and information exchangers with the outer regions. In addition, the port economy has become an important lever for promoting regional economic development. In order to ensure a port's competitive position within a certain range, many port administrations and stakeholders have measured competition performance based on microeconomic concepts such as market shares and annual growth rates among competitors. However, in past years it can be seen that the growing attention to the social responsibility of the port, that is, the impact of port operations and activities on the environment, has often attracted public attention. The port is also facing great pressure on the results of its social responsibility. Such a satisfactory capacity or growth rate is insufficient to measure the competitive position of ports in today's environment. Ports or interested parties may have additional charges for environmental impacts, such as emissions, water pollution, noise, etc. to achieve sustainable port development. Ports with excellent environmental performance and high social reputation are likely to have a competitive advantage. There are various methods for determining their competitiveness, especially for container ports. As a rule, a lot of literature indicates that the key factors affecting the competitiveness of a port, such as port capacity, productivity, quality of service, accessibility of inland areas and reputation. However, there is also evidence that the public is increasingly focusing on environmental issues of the port, which leads to much more negative externalities for society. One of the major environmental impacts is exhaust gas emissions (air pollution), which are mainly caused by vehicles in the port industry. The development trends of the port and shipping industries are associated with the spread of globalization and containerization. Accordingly, the competitive environment is becoming increasingly tough for all participants in the maritime transport market. In such conditions, in order to be competitive, it is necessary to reduce negative externalities and pay more attention to environmental protection. Environmental issues directly affect both global economic growth and the competitiveness of ports.