The influence of variable organic loading on the start-up of an anaerobic fluidised bed reactor

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Stronach ◽  
T. Rudd ◽  
J. N. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF POME BY PILOT PLANT ANAEROBIC FLUIDISED BED REACTOR

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Mamun ◽  
Azni Idris
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor ◽  
Fast Settling

A pilot scale anaerobic fluidised bed reactor (AnFBR) of 2000 L capacity was studied to determine its performance to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME). The pilot plant was operated at ambient temperature with diluted POME as substrate. It took 17 days for the start-up of the reactor with pre-seeded sand media. The AnFBR was capable to remove a large portion of organics at relatively shorter retention time. Maximum and minimum COD removal efficiency of 85% and 65% were attained at a loading rate of 4.0 and 13.8 kgCOD/m3.d. BOD and TSS removal rates varied within the range of 64% - 91% and 68% - 89%, respectively. The AnFBR exhibited low sludge production with lower sludge volume indices (SVI). Maximum and minimum effluent indices for the effluent were 35 mL/g and 11 mL/g, respectively. Low SVI values indicated that, anaerobic fluidised bed reactors generate less sludge with fast settling properties. Promising performance at ambient temperature and for detention time shorter than the present practices supported the possibility of AnFBR to treat POME to meet the new requirement set by the DOE Malaysia.

Anaerobic Treatment of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastewater from Lab to Full Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
M. D. Hidalgo ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
P. A. García Encina
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Start Up

In the last decade Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) production is growing. The wastewater of the “Catalana de Polimers” factory in Barcelona (Spain) has two main streams of similar flow rate, esterification (COD=30,000 mg/l) and textile (COD=4000 mg/l). In order to assess the anaerobic treatment viability, discontinuous and continuous experiments were carried out. Discontinuous biodegradability tests indicated that anaerobic biodegradability was 90 and 75% for esterification and textile wastewater. The textile stream revealed some tendency to foam formation and inhibitory effects. Nutrients, micronutrients and alkali limitations and dosage were determined. A continuous lab-scale UASB reactor was able to treat a mixture of 50% (v) esterification/textile wastewater with stable behaviour at organic loading rate larger than 12 g COD/l.d (0.3 g COD/g VSS.d) with COD removal efficiency greater than 90%. The start-up period was very short and the recuperation after overloading accidents was quite fast, in spite of the wash-out of solids. From the laboratory information an industrial treatment plant was designed and built, during the start-up period COD removal efficiencies larger than 90% and organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/kg VSS.d (5 kg COD/m3.d) have been reached.

The TiRO™ Process for the Continuous Direct Production of Titanium Powder

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Doblin ◽  
David Freeman ◽  
Matthew Richards
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Ti Powder ◽  
Continuous Vacuum ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor ◽  
Two Stages

The CSIRO is developing the TIRO™ process for the continuous direct production of titanium powder. The process comprises two stages. The first stage is a fluidised bed reactor (FBR) in which TiCl4 is reacted with magnesium powder to form solid magnesium chloride particles about 350 µm in diameter in which micron sized titanium particles are dispersed. The second stage is a continuous vacuum distillation operation where the titanium is separated from the magnesium chloride and sintered to form a friable “biscuit”. The biscuit comprises porous titanium spheres about 250 µm in diameter which can be liberated by very light grinding. The overall process has a throughput of 0.2 kg/h Ti, limited by the vacuum distillation unit and is being scaled up. The process has generated Ti powder with ≤0.25 wt% O and < 200 ppm Cl and meets CP2 specifications. Ring grinding the vacuum distilled product for short periods reduced the particle size, however longer grinding times caused agglomeration of the particles. Ring grinding in air resulted in a large increase in oxygen concentration

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