COLOR IMAGE RETRIEVAL BASED ON FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK AND SWARM INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES

Image retrieval is an important system for retrieving similar images by searching and browsing in a large database. The image retrieval system can be a reliable tool for people to optimize the use of image accumulation, and finding efficient methods to retrieve images is very important. Recent decades have marked increased research interest in field image retrieval. To retrieve the images, an important set of features is used. In this work, a combination of methods was used to examine all the images and detect images in a database according to a query image. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was used for feature extraction of the images into the dataset. The images in the database were processed by extracting their important and robust features and storing them in the feature store. Likewise, the strong features were extracted for specific query images. By using some Meta Heuristic algorithms such as Cuckoo Search (CS), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and using an artificial neural network such as single-layer Perceptron Neural Network (PNN), similarity was evaluated. It also proposed a new two method by hybridized PNN and CS with fuzzy logic to produce a new method called Fuzzy Single Layer Perceptron Neural Network (FPNN), and Fuzzy Cuckoo Search to examine the similarity between features for query images and features for images in the database. The efficiency of the system methods was evaluated by calculating the precision recall value of the results. The proposed method of FCS outperformed other methods such as (PNN), (ACO), (CS), and (FPNN) in terms of precision and image recall. ABSTRAK: Imej dapatan semula adalah sistem penting bagi mendapatkan imej serupa melalui carian imej dan melayari pangkalan besar data. Sistem dapatan semula imej ini boleh dijadikan alat boleh percaya untuk orang mengoptimum penggunaan pengumpulan imej, dan kaedah pencarian yang berkesan bagi mendapatkan imej adalah sangat penting. Beberapa dekad yang lalu telah menunjukan banyak penyelidikan dalam bidang imej dapatan semula. Bagi mendapatkan imej-imej ini, ciri-ciri set penting telah digunakan. Kajian ini menggunakan beberapa kaedah bagi memeriksa semua imej dan mengesan imej dalam pangkalan data berdasarkan imej carian. Kami menggunakan Analisis Diskriminan Linear (LDA) bagi mengekstrak ciri imej ke dalam set data. Imej-imej dalam pangkalan data diproses dengan mengekstrak ciri-ciri penting dan berkesan daripadanya dan menyimpannya dalam simpanan ciri. Begitu juga, ciri-ciri penting ini diekstrak bagi imej carian tertentu. Persamaan dinilai melalui beberapa algoritma Meta Heuristik seperti Carian Cuckoo (CS), Pengoptimuman Koloni Semut (ACO), dan menggunakan lapisan tunggal rangkaian neural buatan seperti Rangkaian Neural Perseptron (PNN). Dua cadangan baru dengan kombinasi hibrid PNN dan CS bersama logik kabur bagi menghasilkan kaedah baru yang disebut Lapisan Tunggal Kabur Rangkaian Neural Perceptron (FPNN), dan Carian Cuckoo Kabur bagi mengkaji persamaan antara ciri carian imej dan imej pangkalan data. Nilai kecekapan kaedah sistem dinilai dengan mengira ketepatan mengingat pada dapatan hasil. Kaedah FCS yang dicadangkan ini mengatasi kaedah lain seperti (PNN), (ACO), (CS) dan (FPNN) dari segi ketepatan dan ingatan imej.

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF BIRD STRIKE ON A ROTATING ENGINE BLADES BASED ON VARIATIONS OF POROSITY DENSITY

A numerical investigation is conducted on a rotating engine blade subjected to a bird strike impact. The bird strike is numerically modelled as a cylindrical gelatine with hemispherical ends to simulate impact on a rotating engine blade. Numerical modelling of a rotating engine blade has shown that bird strikes can severely damage an engine blade, especially as the engine blade rotates, as the rotation causes initial stresses on the root of the engine blade. This paper presents a numerical modelling of the engine blades subjected to bird strike with porosity implemented on the engine blades to investigate further damage assessment due to this porosity effect. As porosity influences the decibel levels on a propeller blade or engine blade, the damage due to bird strikes can investigate the compromise this effect has on the structural integrity of the engine blades. This paper utilizes a bird strike simulation through an LS-Dyna Pre-post software. The numerical constitutive relations are keyed into the keyword manager where the bird’s SPH density, a 10 ms simulation time, and bird velocity of 100 m/s are all set. The blade rotates counter-clockwise at 200 rad/s with a tetrahedron mesh. The porous regions or voids along the blade are featured as 5 mm diameter voids, each spaced 5 mm apart. The bird is modelled as an Elastic-Plastic-Hydrodynamic material model to analyze the bird’s fluid behavior through a polynomial equation of state. To simulate the fluid structure interaction, the blade is modelled with Johnson-Cook Material model parameters of aluminium where the damage of the impact can be observed. The observations presented are compared to previous study of a bird strike impact on non-porous engine blades. ABSTRAK: Penyelidikan berangka telah dijalankan ke atas bilah enjin berputar tertakluk kepada impak pelanggaran burung. Pelanggaran burung tersebut telah dimodelkan secara berangka sebagai silinder gelatin dengan hujungnya berbentuk hemisfera demi mensimulasikan impaknya ke atas bilah enjin yang berputar. Pemodelan berangka bilah-bilah enjin yang berputar tersebut menunjukkan bahawa pelanggaran burung mampu menyebabkan kerosakan teruk terhadap bilah enjin terutamanya apabila bilah enjin sedang berputar oleh sebab putaran menghasilkan tekanan asal di pangkal bilah enjin. Kajian ini mengetengahkan pemodelan berangka ke atas bilah-bilah enjin tertakluk kepada pelanggaran burung terhadap bilah-bilah enjin yg mempunyai keliangan demi menyelidik dan menilai kerosakan kesan daripada keliangan tersebut. Keliangan juga mempengaruhi tahap-tahap desibel ke atas bilah kipas ataupun bilah enjin, kerosakan hasil serangan burung boleh menterjemah tahap ketahanan struktur integriti bagi bilah-bilah enjin tersebut. Penyelidikan ini mengguna pakai perisian “LS-Dyna Pre-post” untuk simulasi pelanggaran burung. Hubungan konstitutif berangka telah dimasukkan sebagai kata kunci di mana ketumpatan SPH burung, masa simulasi 10ms, dan halaju burung ditetapkan kepada 100 m/s. Bilah tersebut berputar pada 200 rad/s arah lawan jam dengan jejaring tetrahedron. Kawasan berliang atau kosong di sepanjang bilah ditetapkan diameternya kepada 5 mm, dan dijarakkan 5 mm di antara satu sama lain. Burung pula dimodelkan sebagai material “Elastic-Plastic-Hydrodynamic” untuk mengkaji sifat bendalir burung melalui persamaan polinomial. Demi mensimulasi interaksi struktur bendalir, bilah tersebut dimodelkan sebagai parameter aluminium material “Johnson Cook” di mana kerosakan daripada impak tersebut dapat diteliti. Penelitian-penelitian tersebut dibandingkan dengan kajian terdahulu ke atas serangan burung terhadap bilah-bilah enjin tidak berliang.

IN-IDRIS: MODIFICATION OF IDRIS STEMMING ALGORITHM FOR INDONESIAN TEXT

Stemming has an important role in text processing. Stemming of each language is different and strongly affected by the type of text language. Besides that, each language has different rules in the use of words with an affix. A large number of the words used in the Indonesian language are formed by combining root words with affixes and other combining forms. One of the problems in Indonesian stemming is having different types of affixes, and also having some prefixes that changes according to the first letters of the root words. Implementing Idris stemmer for Indonesian text is of interest because Indonesia and Malaysia have the same language root. However, the results do not always produce the actual word, because the Idris algorithm first removes the prefix according to Rule 2. This elimination directly affected the Idris stemmer result when implemented to Indonesian text. In this study, we focus on a modified Idris stemmer (from Malay) to IN-Indris with Indonesia context. In order to test the proposed modification to the original algorithm, Indonesian online novels excerpts are used to measure the performance of IN-Idris.test was conducted to compare the proposed algorithm with other stemmers. From the experiment result, IN-Idris had an accuracy of approximately 82.81%. There was an increased accuracy up to 5.25% when compared to Idris accuracy. Moreover, the proposed stemmer is also running faster than Idris with a gap of speed of around 0.25 seconds. ABSTRAK: Stemming mempunyai peranan penting dalam pemprosesan teks. Stem setiap bahasa adalah berbeza dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis bahasa teks. Selain itu, setiap bahasa mempunyai peraturan yang berbeza dalam penggunaan kata dengan awalan. Sebilangan besar kata-kata yang digunakan dalam bahasa Indonesia dibentuk dengan menggabungkan kata akar dengan afiks dan bentuk gabungan lain. Salah satu masalah dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah mempunyai pelbagai jenis awalan, dan juga mempunyai beberapa awalan yang berubah sesuai dengan huruf pertama kata dasar. Menerapkan stemder Idris untuk teks Indonesia adalah minat kerana Indonesia dan Malaysia mempunyai akar bahasa yang sama. Namun, hasilnya tidak selalu menghasilkan kata yang sebenarnya, kerana algoritma Idris pertama kali menghapus awalan menurut Peraturan 2. Penghapusan ini secara langsung mempengaruhi hasil batang Idris ketika diterapkan ke teks Indonesia. Dalam kajian ini, kami memfokuskan pada stemmer Idris yang diubahsuai (dari bahasa Melayu) ke IN-Indris dengan konteks Indonesia. Untuk menguji cadangan pengubahsuaian pada algoritma asli, petikan novel dalam talian Indonesia digunakan untuk mengukur prestasi IN-Idris. Ujian dilakukan untuk membandingkan algoritma yang dicadangkan dengan stemmer lain. Dari hasil eksperimen, IN-Idris mempunyai ketepatan sekitar 82,81%, ada peningkatan ketepatan hingga 5,25% dibandingkan dengan ketepatan Idris. Selain itu, stemmer yang dicadangkan juga berjalan lebih cepat daripada Idris dengan jurang kelajuan sekitar 0.25 saat.

FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION IN SQUARE CYLINDER OF VARIOUS ANGLES OF ATTACK

An experimental study was carried out to identify the effect of angle of attack on flow-induced vibration (FIV) of square cylinders. The experiment was conducted at the Aeronautical and Wind Engineering Laboratory (AEROLAB), UTM Kuala Lumpur using a wind tunnel that was free from external wind conditions. A supporting structure was designed and fabricated to conduct this experiment. The importance of this support structure was to enable the rigid cylinder to suspend and vibrate freely upon excitation of wind speed. The results were analysed through the response of amplitude and frequency of the rigid cylinder over a velocity range of 0.5m/s to 4.0m/s. The results showed that for a square cylinder of ?=0°, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) occurred at low reduced velocity (UR) in range of 5 ? UR ? 10 and galloping occurred at higher reduced velocity which started at UR=15. A tranquil zone was found between VIV and galloping in the reduced velocity range of 10 ? UR ? 15. As for ?=22.5° and 45°, only VIV response was found at low reduced velocity in range of 4? UR ? 9. ABSTRAK: Satu kajian eksperimentasi telah dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti pengaruh sudut serangan oleh getaran cetusan-aliran (FIV) dalam silinder persegi. Eksperimen ini dijalankan di Makmal Kejuruteraan Aeronautika dan Angin (AEROLAB), UTM Kuala Lumpur dengan menggunakan terowong angin yang bebas dari pengaruh angin luar. Struktur sokongan telah direka dan difabrikasi bagi tujuan eksperimen ini. Ini penting bagi membolehkan silinder pegun tergantung dan bergetar dengan bebas semasa ujian kelajuan angin. Dapatan kajian dianalisis melalui tindak balas amplitud dan frekuensi silinder pegun pada kadar halaju 0.5m/s sehingga 4.0m/s. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa bagi silinder persegi ? = 0 °, getaran pengaruh-vorteks (VIV) berlaku pada halaju rendah (UR) dalam julat 5 ? UR ? 10 dan getaran lebih teruk telah ketara berlaku pada kadar halaju berkurang iaitu bermula pada UR = 15. Zon tenang dijumpai antara VIV dan getaran teruk pada kadar halaju berkurang 10 ? UR ? 15. Adapun pada ? = 22.5° dan 45°, hanya tindak balas VIV dijumpai pada halaju rendah dalam kadar 4? UR ? 9.

MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF E-GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYESTER/ MWCNTS NANOCOMPOSITES

Mechanical properties of polyester/glass fiber reinforced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied. MWCNTs nano particles are mixed within resin in various weight fractions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 % using sonication. E-Glass fiber (chopped strand mat) is used in various weight fractions within the composite like 80/20 wt%, 70/30 wt%, 50/50 wt% to fabricate polyester/CSM/MWCNTs composites. The effect of the addition of MWCNTs nanoparticles on the mechanical characteristics such as hardness and tensile strength were investigated. The effect of various E-glass fiber chopped strand mat (CSM) wt.% reinforcement is also investigated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to show the nanocomposites morphological properties such as reinforcement orientation and the bonding between matrix and fiber. It was found that the addition of 0.4 wt% MWCNTs improves the mechanical properties of composites, especially the 50 wt% polyester / 50 wt% CSM composite. The tensile strength improved by 39.8%, and the hardness improved by 38%. ABSTRAK: Ciri-ciri mekanikal bagi poliester / gelas fiber diperkukuh dengan dinding berbilang karbon nanotiub (MWCNTs) dikaji. Partikel nano MWCNT telah dicampur ke dalam resin pelbagai berat pada pecahan 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 dan 0.6 % menggunakan sonikasi. Gentian Kaca-E (potongan lembaran) telah digunakan dalam pelbagai pecahan berat dalam komposit 80/20 wt%, 70/30 wt%, 50/50 wt% bagi menghasilkan komposit poliester/CSM/MWCNT. Kesan penambahan nanopartikel MWCNT pada ciri-ciri mekanikal seperti kekerasan dan kekuatan tensil diuji. Kesan pelbagai gentian Kaca-E (potongan lembaran) (CSM) wt.% bersama agen pengukuh turut dikaji. Pengimbas Mikroskop Elektron (SEM) digunakan bagi menilai ciri-ciri morfologi komposit nano seperti orientasi pengukuh dan ikatan antara matrik dan gentian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan dengan penambahan sebanyak 0.4 wt% MWCNT dapat memperbaiki ciri-ciri mekanikal komposit terutama komposit campuran (50 wt% polyester / 50 wt% CSM). Ketahanan tensil meningkat sebanyak 39.8%, dan kekerasan telah bertambah sebanyak 38%.

WAVELET DETAIL COEFFICIENT AS A NOVEL WAVELET-MFCC FEATURES IN TEXT-DEPENDENT SPEAKER RECOGNITION SYSTEM

Speaker recognition is the process of recognizing a speaker from his speech. This can be used in many aspects of life, such as taking access remotely to a personal device, securing access to voice control, and doing a forensic investigation. In speaker recognition, extracting features from the speech is the most critical process. The features are used to represent the speech as unique features to distinguish speech samples from one another. In this research, we proposed the use of a combination of Wavelet and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC), Wavelet-MFCC, as feature extraction methods, and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) as classification. The speech signal is first extracted using Wavelet into one level of decomposition, then only the sub-band detail coefficient is used as the feature for further extraction using MFCC. The modeled system was applied in 300 speech datasets of 30 speakers uttering “HADIR” in the Indonesian language. K-fold cross-validation is implemented with five folds. As much as 80% of the data were trained for each fold, while the rest was used as testing data. Based on the testing, the system's accuracy using the combination of Wavelet-MFCC obtained is 96.67%. ABSTRAK: Pengecaman penutur adalah proses mengenali penutur dari ucapannya yang dapat digunakan dalam banyak aspek kehidupan, seperti mengambil akses dari jauh ke peranti peribadi, mendapat kawalan ke atas akses suara, dan melakukan penyelidikan forensik. Ciri-ciri khas dari ucapan merupakan proses paling kritikal dalam pengecaman penutur. Ciri-ciri ini digunakan bagi mengenali ciri unik yang terdapat pada sesebuah ucapan dalam membezakan satu sama lain. Penyelidikan ini mencadangkan penggunaan kombinasi Wavelet dan Mel Frekuensi Pekali Cepstral (MFCC), Wavelet-MFCC, sebagai kaedah ekstrak ciri-ciri penutur, dan Model Markov Tersembunyi (HMM) sebagai pengelasan. Isyarat penuturan pada awalnya diekstrak menggunakan Wavelet menjadi satu tahap penguraian, kemudian hanya pekali perincian sub-jalur digunakan bagi pengekstrakan ciri-ciri berikutnya menggunakan MFCC. Model ini diterapkan kepada 300 kumpulan data ucapan daripada 30 penutur yang mengucapkan kata "HADIR" dalam bahasa Indonesia. Pengesahan silang K-lipat dilaksanakan dengan 5 lipatan. Sebanyak 80% data telah dilatih bagi setiap lipatan, sementara selebihnya digunakan sebagai data ujian. Berdasarkan ujian ini, ketepatan sistem yang menggunakan kombinasi Wavelet-MFCC memperolehi 96.67%.

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) IMPLEMENTATION FOR POWER PLANT PROJECTS IN MALAYSIA

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become increasingly important for the construction industry in Malaysia. BIM implementation process requires proper strategic planning and considerations from many aspects.Malaysian government has realised the importance of BIM as an emerging technology to transform the construction industry in Malaysia,and thus has classified BIM as one of the twelve main technology in CIDB “Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan 2021-2025”. BIM implementation offer significant benefits to the power generation sector in Malaysia Thisstudy was conducted using the quantitaive research method in which questionnaires survey were distributed to the clients‘ representatives in the Malaysian power sector. This study has identified the 13 critical success factors to be considered by clients for BIM implementation in power plant projects in Malaysia. The success factors were classified based on the four (4) main fields or factors namely management, people, process and technology. The study findings show that management support is the most important success factor for the power plant projects while other success factors such as people, process and technology were also identified and discussed. ABSTRAK: Model Pembangunan Maklumat (BIM) merupakan sebuah konsep penting bagi industri pembinaan di Malaysia. Proses pelaksanaan BIM memerlukan perancangan strategik dan pertimbangan wajar dari pelbagai aspek. Kerajaan Malaysia sedar akan kepentingan BIM sebagai teknologi pemangkin dalam transformasi industri pembinaan Malaysia di mana BIM telah disenaraikan sebagai salah satu daripada 12 teknologi utama dalam CIDB “Plan Strategik 4.0 Pembangunan 2021-2025”. Pelaksanaan BIM memberi faedah ketara kepada sektor jana kuasa di Malaysia. Kajian ini dibuat menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui kaji selidik ke atas wakil klien dalam sektor tenaga Malaysia. Kajian ini telah mengenal pasti 13 faktor kejayaan kritikal yang perlu dipertimbangkan oleh klien bagi menghasilkan projek loji jana kuasa di Malaysia. Faktor kejayan ini telah diklasifikasi berdasarkan 4 bidang utama seperti pengurusan, pekerja, proses dan teknologi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sokongan daripada pihak pengurusan merupakan faktor utama bagi kejayaan sesebuah projek jana kuasa, di samping faktor-faktor lain seperti pekerja, proses dan teknologi juga telah dikenal pasti dan dibincangkan.

VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONER (VAC) CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON PASSENGER COMFORT: A PROOF OF CONCEPT

The air conditioning system (AC) in passenger cars requires precise control to provide a comfortable and healthy driving. In an AC system with limited manual control, the driver has to repeatedly change the setting to improve comfort. This problem may be overcome by implementing an automatic control system to maintain cabin temperature and humidity to meet passenger's thermal comfort. Therefore, this paper presents the development of a laboratory-scale prototype air conditioning control system to regulate temperature, humidity and air circulation in the cabin. The experimental results show that the control system is able to control air temperature in the range of 21 °C to 23 °C and cabin air humidity between 40% to 60% in various simulated environmental conditions which indicate acceptance for comfort and health standards in the vehicle. In conclusion, this method can be applied to older vehicles with reasonable modifications. ABSTRAK: Sistem penyejuk udara (AC) pada kenderaan penumpang memerlukan ketepatan kawalan bagi menyediakan keselesaan dan kesejahteraan pemanduan. Melalui sistem AC dengan kawalan manual terhad, pemandu perlu berulang kali mengubah penyesuaian latar bagi meningkatkan keselesaan. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan menerapkan sistem kawalan automatik bagi menjaga suhu dan kelembapan kabin agar memenuhi keselesaan suhu penumpang. Oleh itu, kajian ini merupakan pembangunan prototaip sistem kawalan AC skala laboratari bagi mengawal suhu, kelembapan dan peredaran udara dalam kabin. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan sistem kawalan ini mampu mengendali suhu udara pada kitaran 21 °C hingga 23 °C dan kelembaban udara kabin antara 40% hingga 60% pada pelbagai keadaan persekitaran simulasi yang menunjukkan penerimaan standard keselesaan dan kesejahteraan kenderaan. Sebagai kesimpulan, cara ini dapat diaplikasi pada kenderaan lama dengan modifikasi bersesuaian.

A STUDY ON CHANNEL AND DELAY-BASED SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR LIVE VIDEO STREAMING IN THE FIFTH GENERATION LONG TERM EVOLUTION-ADVANCED

This paper investigates the performance of a number of channel and delay-based scheduling algorithms for an efficient QoS (Quality of Service) provision with more live video streaming users over the Fifth Generation Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (5G LTE-A) network. These algorithms were developed for use in legacy wireless networks and minor changes were made to enable these algorithms to perform packet scheduling in the downlink 5G LTE-A. The efficacies of the EXP and M-LWDF algorithms in maximizing the number of live video streaming users at the desired transmission reliability, minimizing the average network delay and maximizing network throughput, are shown via simulations. As the M-LWDF has a simpler mathematical equation as compared to the EXP, it is more favoured for implementation in the complex downlink 5G LTE-A. ABSTRAK: Kertas ini menyiasat prestasi sebilangan saluran dan algoritma penjadualan berdasarkan kelewatan untuk penyediaan QoS (Kualiti Perkhidmatan) yang cekap dengan banyak pengguna video secara langsung melalui rangkaian Generasi Kelima Long-Term Evolution Advanced (5G LTE-A). Algoritma-algoritma yang disiasat di dalam kertas ini dicadangkan untuk digunakan dalam generasi rangkaian tanpa wayar yang lama dan sedikit perubahan dibuat untuk membolehkan algoritma ini menyokong penjadualan paket dalam downlink 5G LTE-A. Keberkesanan EXP dan M-LWDF algoritma dalam memaksimumkan jumlah pengguna pada kebolehpercayaan transmisi yang diinginkan dari streaming video secara langsung, meminimumkan kelewatan rangkaian, dan memaksimumkan truput rangkaian ditunjukkan melalui simulasi. Namun, dengan M-LWDF mempunyai formula matematik yang mudah dibandingkan dengan EXP, ia lebih sesuai untuk digunakan dalam downlink 5G LTE-A yang lebih kompleks.

EFFECT OF ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION ON PLASTISIZER MIGRATION AND MECHANICAL AND BLOOD PROPERTIES OF MEDICAL GRADE POLYVINYLE CHOLORIDE

The use of phthalates as a plasticizer in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) always poses the threat of migration of phthalates into the environment through medical equipment. Phthalates can be used with natural-based plasticizers, such as Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) known as phthalate’s scavenger and PVC stabilizers. PVC formulations were characterized by different combinations of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) 30-40% with 5% ESBO. PVC flexibility increased significantly in the presence of ESBO, without a change in strength (tensile test). The decrease of the Tg temperature by adding ESBO in Differential Scanning Calorimetry indicated that ESBO preserved DEHP in the polymer. Also, it was shown that the sterilization process with Ethylene Oxide, similar to ESBO, decreased the Tg of polymer. DEHP migration was evaluated at a maximum level to the environment using the Gas Chromatography test. Samples containing ESBO showed less hemolysis. ABSTRAK: Penggunaan phthalates sebagai plasticizer dalam plastik polyvinyl chloride (PVC) selalu menimbulkan ancaman penghijrahan phthalates ke alam sekitar melalui peralatan perubatan. Phthalates boleh digunakan dengan plasticizer berasaskan semula jadi, seperti minyak kacang soya Epoxidized (ESBO) yang dikenali sebagai pemulung phthalate dan penstabil PVC. Formulasi PVC dicirikan oleh kombinasi yang berbeza di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) 30-40% dengan 5% ESBO. Fleksibiliti PVC meningkat dengan ketara di hadapan ESBO, tanpa perubahan kekuatan (ujian tegangan). Penurunan suhu Tg dengan menambahkan ESBO dalam Calorimetri Pengimbasan Berbeza menunjukkan bahawa ESBO mengekalkan DEHP dalam polimer. Juga, ditunjukkan bahawa proses pensterilan dengan Etilena Oksida, serupa dengan ESBO, menurunkan Tg polimer. Penghijrahan DEHP dinilai pada tahap maksimum ke lingkungan menggunakan uji Kromatografi Gas. Sampel yang mengandungi ESBO menunjukkan kurang hemolisis.