Long-term effects of dinoseb and paraquat, both individually and combined, on embryonic development and hatching success ofFasciola hepatica miracidia

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick A. Christian ◽  
Tsehaye Tesfamichael ◽  
Twintillia Tate
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Testing the short-and long-term effects of elevated prenatal exposure to different forms of thyroid hormones

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10175
Author(s):  
Tom Sarraude ◽  
Bin-Yan Hsu ◽  
Ton Groothuis ◽  
Suvi Ruuskanen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Maternal thyroid hormones (THs) are known to be crucial in embryonic development in humans, but their influence on other, especially wild, animals remains poorly understood. So far, the studies that experimentally investigated the consequences of maternal THs focused on short-term effects, while early organisational effects with long-term consequences, as shown for other prenatal hormones, could also be expected. In this study, we aimed at investigating both the short- and long-term effects of prenatal THs in a bird species, the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. We experimentally elevated yolk TH content (the prohormone T4, and its active metabolite T3, as well as a combination of both hormones). We analysed hatching success, embryonic development, offspring growth and oxidative stress as well as their potential organisational effects on reproduction, moult and oxidative stress in adulthood. We found that eggs injected with T4 had a higher hatching success compared with control eggs, suggesting conversion of T4 into T3 by the embryo. We detected no evidence for other short-term or long-term effects of yolk THs. These results suggest that yolk THs are important in the embryonic stage of precocial birds, but other short- and long-term consequences remain unclear. Research on maternal THs will greatly benefit from studies investigating how embryos use and respond to this maternal signalling. Long-term studies on prenatal THs in other taxa in the wild are needed for a better understanding of this hormone-mediated maternal pathway.

Long term effects of outbreeding: experimental founding of island population eliminates malformations and improves hatching success in sand lizards

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 108710
Author(s):  
Willow R. Lindsay ◽  
Thomas Madsen ◽  
Erik Wapstra ◽  
Mette Lillie ◽  
Lisa Loeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Elevated exposure to prenatal thyroid hormones affects embryonic mortality but has no clear effects into adulthood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Sarraude ◽  
Bin-Yan Hsu ◽  
Ton G.G. Groothuis ◽  
Suvi Ruuskanen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractMaternal thyroid hormones (THs) are known to be crucial in embryonic development in humans, but their influence on other, especially wild, animals remains poorly understood. So far, the studies that experimentally investigated the consequences of maternal THs focused on short-term effects, while early organisational effects with long-term consequences, as shown for other prenatal hormones, could also be expected. In this study, we aimed at investigating both the short- and long-term effects of prenatal THs in a bird species, the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. We experimentally elevated yolk TH content (the prohormone T4, and its active metabolite T3, as well as a combination of both hormones). We analysed hatching success, embryonic development, offspring growth and oxidative stress as well as their potential organisational effects on reproduction, moult, and oxidative stress in adulthood. We found that eggs injected with both hormones had a higher hatching success compared with control eggs, suggesting conversion of T4 into T3 by the embryo. We detected no other clear short-term or long-term effects of yolk THs. These results suggest that yolk thyroid hormones are important in the embryonic stage of precocial birds, but other short- and long-term consequences remain unclear. Research on maternal thyroid hormones will greatly benefit from studies investigating how embryos use and respond to this maternal signalling. Long-term studies on prenatal THs in other taxa in the wild are needed for a better understanding of this hormone-mediated maternal pathway.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effects of Developmental Hypoxia on Cardiac Mitochondrial Function in Snapping Turtles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina L. J. Galli ◽  
Ilan M. Ruhr ◽  
Janna Crossley ◽  
Dane A. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mitochondrial Remodeling

It is well established that adult vertebrates acclimatizing to hypoxic environments undergo mitochondrial remodeling to enhance oxygen delivery, maintain ATP, and limit oxidative stress. However, many vertebrates also encounter oxygen deprivation during embryonic development. The effects of developmental hypoxia on mitochondrial function are likely to be more profound, because environmental stress during early life can permanently alter cellular physiology and morphology. To this end, we investigated the long-term effects of developmental hypoxia on mitochondrial function in a species that regularly encounters hypoxia during development—the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Turtle eggs were incubated in 21% or 10% oxygen from 20% of embryonic development until hatching, and both cohorts were subsequently reared in 21% oxygen for 8 months. Ventricular mitochondria were isolated, and mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured with a microrespirometer. Compared to normoxic controls, juvenile turtles from hypoxic incubations had lower Leak respiration, higher P:O ratios, and reduced rates of ROS production. Interestingly, these same attributes occur in adult vertebrates that acclimatize to hypoxia. We speculate that these adjustments might improve mitochondrial hypoxia tolerance, which would be beneficial for turtles during breath-hold diving and overwintering in anoxic environments.

scholarly journals Effects of high pCO2 on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history—Part I: long-term exposure reduces hatching success and female calcification, and alters embryonic development

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Swiney ◽  
William Christopher Long ◽  
Robert J. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Pco2 ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Tanner Crab ◽  
Chionoecetes Bairdi

Abstract Ocean acidification, a decrease in ocean pH due to absorption of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2, has variable effects on different species. To examine the effects of long-term exposure on Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) embryonic development, hatching success, and calcification, ovigerous females were reared in one of three treatments: ambient pH (∼8.1), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5 for 2 years. Embryos and larvae in year 1 were from oocytes developed in the field and appear resilient to high pCO2. Embryos and larvae in year 2 were from oocytes developed under high pCO2 conditions. Oocyte development appears sensitive to high pCO2, effects carryover and altered embryonic development, and reduced hatching success with on average 71% fewer viable larvae hatched in the pH 7.5 treatment than in the other treatments. Per cent calcium was reduced among females exposed to pH 7.5 waters, and their carapaces were noticeably more pliable than those in the other treatments. Softer carapaces may result in reduced defences against predators, and a reduction in the ability to feed on prey with hard parts such as shells. The results from this long-term study suggest that projected ocean pH levels within the next two centuries will likely have a pronounced impact on Tanner crab populations unless the crab are able to acclimatize or adapt to changing conditions.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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