Elevated exposure to prenatal thyroid hormones affects embryonic mortality but has no clear effects into adulthood

AbstractMaternal thyroid hormones (THs) are known to be crucial in embryonic development in humans, but their influence on other, especially wild, animals remains poorly understood. So far, the studies that experimentally investigated the consequences of maternal THs focused on short-term effects, while early organisational effects with long-term consequences, as shown for other prenatal hormones, could also be expected. In this study, we aimed at investigating both the short- and long-term effects of prenatal THs in a bird species, the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. We experimentally elevated yolk TH content (the prohormone T4, and its active metabolite T3, as well as a combination of both hormones). We analysed hatching success, embryonic development, offspring growth and oxidative stress as well as their potential organisational effects on reproduction, moult, and oxidative stress in adulthood. We found that eggs injected with both hormones had a higher hatching success compared with control eggs, suggesting conversion of T4 into T3 by the embryo. We detected no other clear short-term or long-term effects of yolk THs. These results suggest that yolk thyroid hormones are important in the embryonic stage of precocial birds, but other short- and long-term consequences remain unclear. Research on maternal thyroid hormones will greatly benefit from studies investigating how embryos use and respond to this maternal signalling. Long-term studies on prenatal THs in other taxa in the wild are needed for a better understanding of this hormone-mediated maternal pathway.

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Testing the short-and long-term effects of elevated prenatal exposure to different forms of thyroid hormones

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10175

Author(s):

Tom Sarraude ◽

Bin-Yan Hsu ◽

Ton Groothuis ◽

Suvi Ruuskanen

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Hatching Success ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Maternal thyroid hormones (THs) are known to be crucial in embryonic development in humans, but their influence on other, especially wild, animals remains poorly understood. So far, the studies that experimentally investigated the consequences of maternal THs focused on short-term effects, while early organisational effects with long-term consequences, as shown for other prenatal hormones, could also be expected. In this study, we aimed at investigating both the short- and long-term effects of prenatal THs in a bird species, the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. We experimentally elevated yolk TH content (the prohormone T4, and its active metabolite T3, as well as a combination of both hormones). We analysed hatching success, embryonic development, offspring growth and oxidative stress as well as their potential organisational effects on reproduction, moult and oxidative stress in adulthood. We found that eggs injected with T4 had a higher hatching success compared with control eggs, suggesting conversion of T4 into T3 by the embryo. We detected no evidence for other short-term or long-term effects of yolk THs. These results suggest that yolk THs are important in the embryonic stage of precocial birds, but other short- and long-term consequences remain unclear. Research on maternal THs will greatly benefit from studies investigating how embryos use and respond to this maternal signalling. Long-term studies on prenatal THs in other taxa in the wild are needed for a better understanding of this hormone-mediated maternal pathway.

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Differential Effects of Worry and Imagery After Exposure to a Stressful Stimulus: A Pilot Study

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465800017628 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 45-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Gillian Butler ◽

Adrian Wells ◽

Hilary Dewick

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Differential Effects ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Intrusive Cognitions ◽

Stressful Stimulus ◽

Do So

Imagery appears to be associated with higher levels of anxiety than does worry. Borkovec has argued that worry could be a way of avoiding distressing imagery and the associated affect. Thus worry could suppress emotional activation, interfere with emotional processing, and contribute to the maintenance of anxiety. This hypothesis suggests that short and long-term effects of worrying after experiencing a distressing stimulus should differ from the effects of engaging in imagery. In the short term, imagery should maintain anxiety while worry should not do so, or should do so less. In the longer term, worry should be a less successful way of reducing anxiety associated with the stimulus than imagery, and should be followed by a greater number of intrusive cognitions (indicating the relative failure of emotional processing). These predictions were tested by asking subjects to worry, engage in imagery or “settle down” after watching a distressing video. The results were broadly consistent with the hypothesis. Other interpretations are also considered.

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Short- and Long-Term Effects of Nonconsciously Processed Ambient Scents in a Servicescape: Findings From Two Field Experiments

Journal of Service Research ◽

10.1177/1094670519842333 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 440-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anna Girard ◽

Marcel Lichters ◽

Marko Sarstedt ◽

Dipayan Biswas

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Field Studies ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Railway Company ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Ambient Scents ◽

Short Term Effects

Ambient scents are being increasingly used in different service environments. While there is emerging research on the effects of scents, almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of consumers’ repeated exposure to ambient scents in a service environment as prior studies on ambient scents have been lab or field studies examining short-term effects of scent exposure only. Addressing this limitation, we examine the short- and long-term effects of ambient scents. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for the short- and long-term effects of nonconsciously processed ambient scent in olfactory-rich servicescapes. We empirically test this framework with the help of two large-scale field experiments, conducted in collaboration with a major German railway company, in which consumers were exposed to a pleasant, nonconsciously processed scent. The first experiment demonstrates ambient scent’s positive short-term effects on consumers’ service perceptions. The second experiment—a longitudinal study conducted over a 4-month period—examines scent’s long-term effects on consumers’ reactions and demonstrates that the effects persist even when the scent has been removed from the servicescape.

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Long term effects of fetal undernutrition on rat heart. Role of hypertension and oxidative stress

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0171544 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. e0171544 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

Angel L. López de Pablo ◽

Concha F. García-Prieto ◽

Beatriz Somoza ◽

Begoña Quintana-Villamandos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Rat Heart ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Neutrophil superoxide anion–generating capacity, endothelial function and oxidative stress in chronic heart failure: effects of short- and long-term vitamin C therapy

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00916-5 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 1474-1482 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Gethin R Ellis ◽

Richard A Anderson ◽

Derek Lang ◽

Daniel J Blackman ◽

R.H.Keith Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Generating Capacity ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Neutrophil Superoxide ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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The role of oxidative stress, inflammation and acetaminophen exposure from birth to early childhood in the induction of autism

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060517693423 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 407-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

William Parker ◽

Chi Dang Hornik ◽

Staci Bilbo ◽

Zoie E. Holzknecht ◽

Lauren Gentry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Early Development ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Small Children ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The wide range of factors associated with the induction of autism is invariably linked with either inflammation or oxidative stress, and sometimes both. The use of acetaminophen in babies and young children may be much more strongly associated with autism than its use during pregnancy, perhaps because of well-known deficiencies in the metabolic breakdown of pharmaceuticals during early development. Thus, one explanation for the increased prevalence of autism is that increased exposure to acetaminophen, exacerbated by inflammation and oxidative stress, is neurotoxic in babies and small children. This view mandates extreme urgency in probing the long-term effects of acetaminophen use in babies and the possibility that many cases of infantile autism may actually be induced by acetaminophen exposure shortly after birth.

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Short- and long-term effects of litter size manipulation in a small wild-derived rodent

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2013.1096 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 20131096 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mikko Lehto Hürlimann ◽

Antoine Stier ◽

Olivier Scholly ◽

François Criscuolo ◽

Pierre Bize

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Reproductive Effort ◽

Common Vole ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Litter Size Manipulation ◽

Laboratory Rodents ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Long Term Consequences

Iteroparous organisms maximize their overall fitness by optimizing their reproductive effort over multiple reproductive events. Hence, changes in reproductive effort are expected to have both short- and long-term consequences on parents and their offspring. In laboratory rodents, manipulation of reproductive efforts during lactation has however revealed few short-term reproductive adjustments, suggesting that female laboratory rodents express maximal rather than optimal levels of reproductive investment as observed in semelparous organisms. Using a litter size manipulation (LSM) experiment in a small wild-derived rodent (the common vole; Microtus arvalis ), we show that females altered their reproductive efforts in response to LSM, with females having higher metabolic rates and showing alternative body mass dynamics when rearing an enlarged rather than reduced litter. Those differences in female reproductive effort were nonetheless insufficient to fully match their pups’ energy demand, pups being lighter at weaning in enlarged litters. Interestingly, female reproductive effort changes had long-term consequences, with females that had previously reared an enlarged litter being lighter at the birth of their subsequent litter and producing lower quality pups. We discuss the significance of using wild-derived animals in studies of reproductive effort optimization.

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INDUSTRIALIZATION AND TRANSPORT IN INDONESIA ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

TRIKONOMIKA ◽

10.23969/trikonomika.v19i2.2195 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Short And Long Term

Economic development in a country is indicated by an increase in the number of industrial sectors and other supporting facilities such as transportation. However, there is another impact on developments industrial sectors and transportation, especially environmental degradation. Air pollution is one of the environmental degradation. This research was conducted to determine the short-term and long-term environmental impact of industry and transport in Indonesia. The data analysis method in this research used Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) to see the short-term and long-term effects between research variables. The data used are data on CO2 emissions, the amount of industries and transport in Indonesia from 1965 - 2018. The results showed that the industry had a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions in the short and long term. Meanwhile, transportation has a positive impact in the short term and a negative impact in the long term.

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Short and long-term effects of fire and vegetation cover on four lizard species in Amazonian savannas

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2020-0224 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Erika dos Santos Souza ◽

Albertina P. Lima ◽

William E. Magnusson ◽

RICARDO ALEXANDRE KAWASHITA-RIBEIRO ◽

Rodrigo Ferreira Fadini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Cover ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Random Factor ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Temporal Sampling ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Main Effects

Ecological succession in tropical savannas is limited by seasonal fire, which affects habitat quality. Although fire may cause negligible or positive effects on animals occupying savannas, most short-term studies (months to a few years) are based on a single temporal sampling snapshot, and long-term studies (decades) are rare. We sampled four lizard species in Amazonian savannas to test the effects of fire and vegetation cover on lizard densities at two temporal scales. In the short-term, we use three sampling snapshots to test the effects of fire and vegetation cover on estimated lizard densities over the subsequent 1–5 years. In the long-term, we test the effects of fire and changes in vegetation cover over 21 years on current lizard density differences. In the short-term, species responses were usually consistent with foraging and thermoregulation modes. However, the results were not consistent among species and years, although the variances in species density explained by year as a random factor were generally low. In the long-term, the main effects of fire and vegetation cover show that lizard densities may change spatially, but not necessarily temporarily. Wildfire is a natural resource of savannas and apparently have little impact on resident lizards of that ecosystem.

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