Consequences of mite feeding injury to beans on the fecundity and survivorship of the two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. English-Loeb ◽  
Richard Karban
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE FEEDING ON GAS EXCHANGE AND CHLOROPHYLL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED RASPBERRY LEAVES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166d-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Carol A. Hartley ◽  
Carl H. Shanks ◽  
Jeannie K. L. Garth
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Mite Number

At two-week intervals from 17 June to 15 July, three groups of `Meeker' red raspberry plants were infested with two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in a greenhouse. While populations on individual plants were allowed to develop freely, control plants were kept free of mites with a chemical miticide. Gas exchange measurements were made on 27 July prior to visible mite damage, and on 7 October after injury was apparent. The relationships between mite populations and leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll characteristics were described using a logarithmic function.Physiological responses to mite feeding were observed prior to visible leaf injury. On both dates, CO2 assimilation rates decreased (p ≤ 0.001) with increasing mite numbers per leaflet. On 27 June, a significant relationship (R2 = 0.61***) was found between mite number and mesophyll conductance (gm). On 7 October, significant relationships (p ≤ 0.001) were also observed with gm, stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E). Total chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing mite populations, but chlorophyll a/b ratio and dry weight per leaf unit area were unchanged.

scholarly journals The predating activity and prey impact on life cycle and development of predatory mite (amblysieus swirskii)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Nomindalai D ◽  
Undarmaa D
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Pollen Feeding ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Amblyseius swirskii is commonly used to control whitefly and thrips, twospotted spider mite(T.urticae) in greenhouse vegetables and some ornamental crops. This study in each of three different types(two spotted spider mite feeding , pollen feeding, thrips feeding) of feeding pray, 1 females were observed to die at relative humidity 35-60% and at temperatures of 25-300С, laboratory light:dark(16:8) and characteristics of the pray were studied in the development of fertility. We studied mite’s nutritional features, and hunting activities. Amblysieus swirskii’s egg development good establish 2.18±0.17 days in environment which is pollen feeding, 2.48±0.04 days in thrips feeding environment, 2.014±0.098 in two spotted spider mite feeding environment, Growth is until Larvae turned to Nymph there is a hole day in three environments, until Nymph turned to adult tick there are 3.13±0.23 days in pollen feeding environment, 3.25±0.29 days in thrips feeding environment, 2.014±0.098 two spotted spider mite prey environment. A Generation 6.3±0.3 day’s pollen feeding environment, 6.72±0.25 days in thrips feeding environment, 6.55±0.32 days in two spotted spider mite prey environment. Therefore conclusion is feeding environment doesn’t influence their life cycle. Research shows that adult antelope feeds with 15.2 two spotted spider mite, 5.1 thrips daily, decreasing it`s population. Having observed the females egg development in three different types of feeding environment it showed highest result, 14 days, at a temperature of 29.7 1.47C and 30 3.33% moisture environment. In contrast it showed its lowest result, 6 days, in dusty feeding environment whereas in environment with thrips it lay it`s eggs in 12 days for an average. Observing Amblysieus swirskii’s laying egg and lifespan, found out that they able to lay 13±2.6 eggs in two spotted spider mite provision environment, 13.6±2.08 days survive. In thrips feeding environment laying 6.3±0.5 eggs and survive 12.3±2.08 days, in pollen feeding environment laying 4±1 eggs, 7.6±0.5 days surviving. Ангуучин амблисейус (аmblysieus swirskii) хачгийн идэш тэжээлийн онцлог, үржил хөгжил, ангуучлах идэвхийг судалсан дүн Хураангуй: Ангуучин хачиг амблисейус (Аmblysieus swirskii)ийн үржил хөгжлийг лабораторийн гэрэл:  харанхуй (16:8), 25-300С дулаантай, 35-60% чийгшилтэй орчинд ургамлын тоос, шүлхий  хачиг, трипс гэсэн гурван идэш тэжээлийн хувилбартайгаар үржил хөгжил, ангуучлах  идэвхийг судлав.Ангуучин хачиг амблисейус (Аmblysieus swirskii)-ийн өндөгний хөгжил  ургамлын тоос идэштэй орчинд 2.18±0.17 хоног, трипс идэштэй орчинд 2.48±0.04 хоног,  шүлхий хачиг идэштэй орчинд 2.014±0.098 хоног авгалдайнаас нимф болох шатанд гурван  орчинд бүгд 1 хоног, нимфээс бие гүйцсэн ангуучин хачиг болох шатанд тоос идэштэй орчинд  3.13±0.23 хоног, трипс идэштэй орчинд 3.25±0.29 хоног, энгийн шүлхий хачиг идэштэй орчинд  2.014±0.098 хоног тус тус бойжсон бол 1 үе удам нь тоосоор хооллосон орчинд 6.3±0.3 хоног,  трипсээр хооллосон орчинд 6.72±0.25 хоног, энгийн шүлхий хачгаар хооллосон орчинд  6.55±0.32 хоног тус тус үргэлжлэв. Ангуучин бие гүйцсэн амблисейус (Аmblysieus swirskii)  хачгийн ангуучлах идэвхийг судлахад өдөрт 15.2 шүлхий хачиг, 5.1 трипс дунджаар идэж  тоо, толгойг бууруулж байна. Эмэгчин хачгийн төлөрхөг чанарыг дээр дурьдсан гурван идэш  тэжээлийн орчинд судлахад шүлхий хачиг идэш тэжээлийн орчинд хамгийн олон хоног  өндөглөсөн буюу дунджаар 14 хоног, хамгийн цөөн хоног өндөглөсөн буюу тоостой идэш  тэжээлийн орчинд дунджаар 6 хоног өндөглөсөн бол трипстэй идэш тэжээлийн орчинд  дунджаар 12 хоногийн турш өндөглөлт үргэжилж байна. Ангуучин хачгийн өндөглөлт ба  амьдрах хугацааг тогтооход энгийн шүлхий хачиг идэш тэжээлийн орчинд 13±2.6 өндөг  төрүүлж, 13.6±2.08 хоног амьдарч, трипс идэш тэжээлийн орчинд 6.3±0.5 өндөг гаргаж  12.3±2.08 хоног амьдаржилж басан бол тоостой идэш тэжээлийн орчинд 4±1 өндөг гаргаж  7.6±0.5 хоног тус тус амьдарч байгааг тогтоов. Түлхүүр үг: Биологийн хамгаалал, ангуучлах идэвх, идэш тэжээлийн онцлог

scholarly journals Tomato Whole Genome Transcriptional Response to Tetranychus urticae Identifies Divergence of Spider Mite-Induced Responses Between Tomato and Arabidopsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Martel ◽  
Vladimir Zhurov ◽  
Marie Navarro ◽  
Manuel Martinez ◽  
Marc Cazaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Ja Signaling

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is one of the most significant mite pests in agriculture, feeding on more than 1,100 plant hosts, including model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. Here, we describe timecourse tomato transcriptional responses to spider mite feeding and compare them with Arabidopsis in order to determine conserved and divergent defense responses to this pest. To refine the involvement of jasmonic acid (JA) in mite-induced responses and to improve tomato Gene Ontology annotations, we analyzed transcriptional changes in the tomato JA-signaling mutant defenseless1 (def-1) upon JA treatment and spider mite herbivory. Overlay of differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified in def-1 onto those from the timecourse experiment established that JA controls expression of the majority of genes differentially regulated by herbivory. Comparison of defense responses between tomato and Arabidopsis highlighted 96 orthologous genes (of 2,133 DEG) that were recruited for defense against spider mites in both species. These genes, involved in biosynthesis of JA, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, represent the conserved core of induced defenses. The remaining tomato DEG support the establishment of tomato-specific defenses, indicating profound divergence of spider mite–induced responses between tomato and Arabidopsis.

Ethyl formate and phosphine fumigations on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and their biochemical responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeongnam Kim ◽  
Yong Ho Lee ◽  
Gayoung Kim ◽  
Byung-Ho Lee ◽  
Jeong-Oh Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Abstract Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest to a variety of plants and they are hard to be controlled due to occurrence of resistance to acaricides. In this study, biochemical evaluation after ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation towards T. urticae might help officials to control them in quarantine purposes. PH3 fumigation controlled eggs (LC50; 0.158 mg/L), nymphs (LC50; 0.030 mg/L), and adults (LC50; 0.059 mg/L) of T. urticae, and EF effectively affected nymphs (LC50; 2.826 mg/L) rather than eggs (LC50; 6.797 mg/L) and adults (LC50; 5.836 mg/L). In a longer exposure time of 20 h, PH3 fumigation was 94.2-fold more effective tool for control of T. urticae than EF fumigant. EF and PH3 inhibited cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity differently in both nymphs and adults of T. urticae. It confirmed COX is one of target sites of these fumigants in T. urticae and COX is involved in the respiratory chain as complex IV. Molecular approaches showed that EF fumigation completely down-regulated the expression of cox11 gene at the concentration of LC10 value, while PH3 up-regulated several genes greater than twofold in T. urticae nymphs treated with the concentration of LC50 value. These increased genes by PH3 fumigation are ndufv1, atpB, para, and ace, responsible for the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, ATP synthase, and acetylcholinesterase in insects, respectively. Lipidomic analyses exhibited a significant difference between two fumigants-exposed groups and the control, especially an ion with 815.46 m/z was analyzed less than twofold in the fumigants-treated group. It was identified as PI(15:1/18:3) and it may be used as a biomarker to EF and PH3 toxicity. These findings may contribute to set an effective control strategy on T. urticae by methyl bromide alternatives such as EF and PH3 because they have shared target sites on the respiratory chain in the pest.

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