Spectral increment thresholds on a white background in different age groups of normal subjects and in acquired ocular diseases

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Verriest ◽  
André Uvijls
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
White Background ◽  
Ocular Diseases

EquiTest modification with shank and hip angle measurements: differences with age among normal subjects

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
Rosemary A. Speers ◽  
Neil T. Shepard ◽  
Arthur D. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Sensory Organization Test ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Sensory Organization

The Sensory Organization Test protocol of the EquiTest system (NeuroCom International, Clackamas Oregon) tests utilization of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive sensors by manipulating the accuracy of visual and/or somatosensory inputs during quiet stance. In the standard Sensory Organization Test, both manipulation of sensory input (sway-referencing) and assessment of postural sway are based on ground reaction forces measured from a forceplate. The purpose of our investigation was to examine the use of kinematic measurements to provide a more direct feedback signal for sway-referencing and for assessment of sway. We compared three methods of sway-referencing: the standard EquiTest method based on ground reaction torque, kinematic feedback based on servo-controlling to shank motion, and a more complex kinematic feedback based on servo-controlling to follow position of the center of mass (COM) as calculated from a two-link biomechanical model. Fifty-one normal subjects (ages 20–79) performed the randomized protocol. When using either shank or COM angle for sway-referencing feedback as compared to the standard EquiTest protocol, the Equilibrium Quotient and Strategy Score assessments were decreased for all age groups in the platform sway-referenced conditions (SOT 4, 5, 6). For all groups of subjects, there were significant differences in one or more of the kinematic sway measures of shank, hip, or COM angle when using either of the alternative sway-referencing parameters as compared to the standard EquiTest protocol. The increased sensitivities arising from use of kinematics had the effect of amplifying differences with age. For sway-referencing, the direct kinematic feedback may enhance ability to reduce proprioceptive information by servo-controlling more closely to actual ankle motion. For assessment, kinematics measurements can potentially increase sensitivity for detection of balance disorders, because it may be possible to discriminate between body sway and acceleration and to determine the phase relationship between ankle and hip motion.

Screening for urinary oligosaccharides: a quantitative procedure.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Purkiss ◽  
R C Hughes ◽  
R W Watts
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Quantitative Procedure ◽  
Urinary Oligosaccharides

Abstract A method for screening urine for abnormalities in glycoconjugate excretion is presented. An oligosaccharide-containing fraction is isolated from urine by gel chromatography and the carbohydrate-containing components in this fraction are degraded to monosaccharides, suitable derivatives of which are analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. A pattern which characterizes the monosaccharides originating in complex carbohydrates in urine is thus obtained. Data obtained by applying this method to normal subjects in various age groups are presented and the applicability of the method and its limitations are illustrated by the use of examples from patients with previously diagnosed disorders of glycoconjugate metabolism.

scholarly journals Heart rate analysis in normal subjects of various age groups

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Acharya U ◽  
Kannathal N ◽  
Ong Wai Sing ◽  
Luk Yi Ping ◽  
TjiLeng Chua
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Heart Rate Analysis

The Effect of the Order of Draw of Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes on Coagulation Parameters in Normal Volunteers.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4007-4007
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Wakeman ◽  
Roger C. Munro ◽  
Saad Al-Ismail ◽  
Ann Benton ◽  
Andrew Beddall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
In Parenthesis ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes ◽  
Theoretical Risk

Abstract Introduction: The recommended order of draw for multiple tube collections (NCCLS [CLSI] H3-A5) clearly indicate that citrate tubes for coagulation tests should be taken before any other tubes (except blood cultures) and that a discard tube should be used if specialised coagulation tests are to be performed. This is to avoid the possibility of tissue activation and the theoretical risk of additive carryover on the parameters being measured. Because of the paucity of published evidence, this study was performed to determine the effect of the order of draw and whether the use of a discard tube is really necessary. Methods: Three consecutive early morning venous samples were collected into siliconised glass B–D Vacutainers containing tri-sodium citrate (Ref: 367691) from 116 healthy laboratory personnel (F= 74; M = 42) aged 20–63 yrs. Age groups were equally represented. Samples were processed on a Sysmex CA1500 analyser within 1 hour of collection. Appropriate CLSI guidelines were followed throughout. All parameters were measured using Dade-Behring reagents: Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (Actin FSL), prothrombin time (PT) and derived fibrinogen (DF) (Innovin), thrombin clotting time (TCT) (Thromboclotin) and Clauss fibrinogen (CF) (Bovine thrombin and Owren’s veronal buffer). For each parameter, the data from each of the three samples were analysed for significant differences by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Data obtained on measurements of basic coagulation parameters are shown in the table below. SDs are shown in parenthesis. (ns = not significant). Coagulation Parameter Results and Statistical Analysis Parameter First Sample Second Sample Third Sample ANOVA (p) ns=not significant APTT (secs) 28.3 (1.73) 28.3 (1.73) 27.9 (1.64) 0.230 (ns) PT (secs) 10.9 (0.47) 10.9 (0.47) 10.8 (0.45) 0.368 (ns) TCT (secs) 15.8 (1.03) 15.8 (1.02) 15.7 (1.02) 0.740 (ns) DF (g/L −1) 2.44 (0.54) 2.47 (0.55) 2.48 (0.55) 0.866 (ns) CF (g/L −1) 3.03(0.67) 3.04 (0.67) 3.10 (0.67) 0.825 (ns) No statistically significant differences were found between the first, second or third samples for any of the measured parameters. Conclusions: The CLSI recommends an order of draw for evacuated blood collection tubes in order to reduce the possibility of tissue activation in coagulation samples and the theoretical risk of additive carryover on the parameters being measured. Until now, this was based largely on theoretical probability. This comprehensive study demonstrates that the use of a discard tube is probably unnecessary since there is no statistical difference in any of the parameters measured between the first, second or third samples. Although this potentially obviates the expensive use of a discard tube in normal subjects, further work is required to determine whether it is necessary when measuring abnormally prolonged parameters in various pathological states.

scholarly journals Visual field (Octopus 1-2-3) in normal subjects divided into homogeneous age-groups

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassim Calixto ◽  
Roberto Márcio de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Sebastião Cronemberger
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects

Plasma Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Patients with Thyrotoxicosis and Myxoedema

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

1. Employing a precise and sensitive double-isotope derivative technique plasma noradrenaline and plasma adrenaline were measured in sixteen normal subjects, in eight patients with myxoedema and in ten patients with thyrotoxicosis. Venous blood was obtained while the subjects rested in the supine position. 2. In the normal subjects plasma noradrenaline averaged 0·22±SD 0·09 ng/ml and plasma adrenaline 0·05±SD 0·05 ng/ml. Plasma noradrenaline rose with increasing age. 3. In patients with myxoedema, plasma noradrenaline was increased approximately threefold. The difference between the normal subjects and the hypothyroid patients was more pronounced in the older age-groups. 4. Despite their elevated pulse rate patients with thyrotoxicosis showed significantly decreased plasma noradrenaline concentrations compared to the normal subjects. 5. In the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid subjects plasma adrenaline concentrations were not different from the values obtained in the normal subjects. 6. It is suggested that sympathetic nervous activity is decreased in thyrotoxicosis as a compensatory phenomenon to the direct effect of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system.

Oxygen deficit is a sensitive measure of mild gas exchange impairment at inspired O2 between 12.5% and 21%

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. L91-L94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Liu ◽  
Phoebe C. Stark ◽  
G. Kim Prisk ◽  
John B. West
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
End Tidal

The oxygen deficit (OD) is the difference between the end-tidal alveolar Po2 and the calculated Po2 of arterial blood based on measured oxygen saturation that acts as a proxy for the alveolar-arterial Po2 difference. Previous work has shown that the alveolar gas meter (AGM100) can measure pulmonary gas exchange, via the OD, in patients with a history of lung disease and in normal subjects breathing 12.5% O2. The present study measured how the OD varied at different values of inspired O2. Healthy subjects were split by age (young 22–31; n = 23; older 42–90; n = 13). Across all inspired O2 levels (12.5, 15, 17.5, and 21%), the OD was higher in the older cohort 10.6 ± 1.0 mmHg compared with the young −0.4 ± 0.6 mmHg ( P < 0.0001, using repeated measures ANOVA), the difference being significant at all O2 levels (all P < 0.0001). The OD difference between age groups and its variance was greater at higher O2 values (age × O2 interaction; P = 0.002). The decrease in OD with lower values of inspired O2 in both cohorts is consistent with the increased accuracy of the calculated arterial Po2 based on the O2-Hb dissociation curve and with the expected decrease in the alveolar-arterial Po2 difference due to a lower arterial saturation. The persisting higher OD seen in older subjects, irrespective of the inspired O2, shows that the measurement of OD remains sensitive to mild gas exchange impairment, even when breathing 21% O2.

scholarly journals Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in adults: variability with age

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Sawaya ◽  
Helen Sawaya ◽  
Gilbert Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pattern Reversal ◽  
Checkerboard Pattern ◽  
Check Size ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Visual Evoked

Purpose: Pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) is an electrophysiological test for evaluating the visual pathway. This study measured the changes in the latencies and amplitudes of the PRVEP with age and gender in normal subjects. Methods: Healthy participants (n=81; 162 total eyes), between the ages of 20 and 92 years were recruited for the study. Stimulation was performed monocularly with a high-contrast (>50%) black-white checkerboard pattern with a check size of 30° at a reversal rate of 2 Hz, a band-pass of 1-100 Hz, a sweep of 250 msec and an average of 150 stimulations in a dark room. Mean and standard deviations for three latencies (N75, P100 and N145) and the amplitude (N75-P100) for each decade were measured. Results: There was a linear trend by age for all three latencies, indicating that the higher age groups had longer latencies. The latencies decreased in the 5th decade before increasing in the higher age groups. The amplitude of N75-P100 decreased with age. The P100 latencies were longer in males than females in all age groups and the difference increased with increasing age.

scholarly journals SERUM PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA);

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-022
Author(s):  
ZEHRA NAZ ◽  
SAADIA ANJUM, ◽  
MEHDI RAZA
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Carcinoma Prostate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Total Psa

ABSTRACT… Objective: To study correlation between age-linked serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in normal subjects andpatients of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and carcinoma prostate (CaP). Data source: OPDs. Study design: Case-control study.Setting: SIUT; Karachi Study duration: Six months. Methodology: 250 subjects were enrolled for the study and 93 were finally selected(31 each, representing the normal, BPH and CaP groups). Subjects 40 years of age and above were included and those with any urinarytract disorder or those under treatment with 5-á-reductase inhibitors were excluded. Each group was divided into four sub-groups of ages40 – 49, 50 – 59, 60 – 69 and 70 and above years. AxSYM total PSA (tPSA) assay® was used for serum PSA estimation. Values wereexpressed as mean and standard error of mean and Fischer’s test, students’ t test and correlation coefficient were used to determinesignificance and for comparison of data. Results: There was a no significant difference in PSA levels in all age groups when normals werecompared with BPH cases. PSA levels were significant in normal as compared to CaP cases and BPH as compared to CaP. Conclusions:No significant correlation between age-linked serum PSA levels in normal subjects and patients of BPH and CaP could be established. Thestudy, however, found a trend of declining PSA levels at the age of 70 years and above.

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